Population Flashcards
Crude birth rate
birth rate of the entire population, regardless of age/gender
Crude death rate
the number of deaths within a population, scaled to the population over a period of time
Fertility rate
the number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-49 in a given year
Mortality rate
the number of deaths per time unit scaled to the size of the population, generally deaths per year per 1000 people
Natural increase
birth rate - death rate, influenced by age structure of population
Population change
the change in population in specific area over a period of time
Migration
movement of people/animals with the intention of settling
Replacement level
the amount of fertility needed to keep the population the same from generation to generation
Infant mortality rate
the number of deaths of children under 1 year old per 1000 live births
Net migration
the difference between immigration and emigration
Life expectancy
the expected age that people will live to in a certain area
Sex ratio
the number of males per 100 females in a population
Dependency ratio
the ratio of the number of people 0-15 and 64+ to those aged 15-64
Elderly dependency ratio
the number of 64+ year olds in proportion to the number of 15-64 year olds
Youth dependency ratio
the ratio of the number of 0-15 year olds to the number of 15-64 year olds
Demographic transition
the historical shift of birth and death rates from high to low in a population
Demographic dividend
when the working population is high in proportion to the dependency ratio
Carrying capacity
the largest population that the resources in a given environment can support
Food availability
the amount of food generally available
Food accessibility
how accessible food is - prices
Stock resources
non-renewable
Flow resources
renewable
Critical resources
sustainable if managed
Non-critical resources
everlasting
Population ceiling
the theoretical number of people that can be supported by the resources and level of technology in a geographical area
Ecological footprint
a sustainability indicator which expresses the relationship between population and the natural environment
Population boom
rapid increase in the numbers of the world’s population since the end of WW II, attributed to increasing birthrate, decrease in IMR and increase in life expectancy
Population crash
a sudden decline in the population, impacting the economy and quality of life of individuals in the population
Under population
when there aren’t enough people to make full use of the resources and technology in a given area (eg. Canada)
Overpopulation
when the human population exceeds carrying capacity
Optimum poulation
ideal population, combined other available resources or means of production of the country will yield maximum returns or income per head
Quality of life
standard of health, comfort and happiness experienced by an individual or group
Appropriate technology
technology suitable to the social and economic conditions of the geographical area in which it is to be applied is environmentally sound and promotes self-sufficiency on the part of those who use it
Intermediate technology
technology suitable for developing countries, generally making use of locally available resources
Green revolution
a set of research and the development of technology transfer initiatives, between 1950 and late 1960s, which increased global agricultural productions worldwide, especially in the developing world
