Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AS. Geography Key Terms > Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology > Flashcards

Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Stem flow

A

water running down a plant stem or the trunk of a tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Soil moisture

A

water stored in the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transpiration

A

a process by which plants return moisture to the atmosphere, having taken it up though their roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Groundwater store

A

a store of water held below the surface in the ground zone, above the base rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Surface store

A

water held on the surface in lakes, ponds and puddles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interception

A

where some precipitation is temporarily caught by plant leaves before reaching the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Groundwater flow

A

the down slope movement of water through underlying rocks or the downhill transfer of water through pores and small cavities in the soil/ rock, depending on the rock type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aquifer

A

an underground layer of permeable rock, sediment or soil that yields water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Throughfall

A

water falls off leaves onto the ground surface, or falls through gaps in the vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Field capacity

A

the amount of water that the soil is able to hold when it is fully saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Catchment area

A

the area within a drainage basin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PEVT

A

the water loss that would occur if there was an unlimited supply of water in the soil for use by vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Interception loss

A

water retained by plant or or surfaces that is later absorbed or evaporated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Soil moisture deficit

A

the degree to which the soil moisture levels fall below field capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Soil moisture recharge

A

precipitation exceeds PEVT, so there is some filling up of water in the dried-up pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Soil moisture utalisation

A

water is drawn to the surface by capillary action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Porosity

A

the capability of the rock to hold water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

river rejuvenation

A

a period of vertical erosion to achieve a new, lower base level, enabling the river to achieve its desired concave shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

eustatic change

A

global rise and fall of sea levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

isostatic change

A

the local adjustment of land levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

river capture

A

when a river cuts backwards over time due to head ward erosion and captures tributaries of another river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

alluvium deposition

A

sediment that is deposited that was once suspended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

river regime

A

hydrograph showing river discharge over a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

drainage density

A

number of tributaries per km2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

bankfull discharge

A

maximum discharge a river can hold before it goes into flood

26
Q

saturated overland flow

A

soil has reached field capacity so no more water can be absorbed resulting in overland flow

27
Q

hortonian flow

A

when the ground is hard after a period of dry weather, so infiltration cannot take place, resulting in overland flow

28
Q

clear-water erosion

A

erosion caused by the action of the water

29
Q

antecedent rainfall

A

rainfall that has occurred previous to a weather event

30
Q

alluvial fan

A

triangular shaped deposits of water-transported material

31
Q

lag time

A

time between peak rainfall and peak discharge

32
Q

centre-pivot irrigation schemes

A

crops are irrigated by sprinklers which rotate around a centre pivot

33
Q

long profile

A

a graph drawn along the course of the river from source to mouth showing the change in altitude

34
Q

knick point

A

a steep region along the river profile which disrupts the ideal concave shape

35
Q

flocculation

A

when particles clump together (especially clay bonding along its flat edge)

36
Q

thalwag

A

the path of least resistance where the water is flowing that fastest

37
Q

mean fall/settling velocity curve

A

represents the average velocity at which sediment of a certain size will no longer be transported and will instead be deposited

38
Q

mean critical erosion velocity curve

A

average velocity at which a river is able to entertain (pick up) sediment of a particular size

39
Q

turbulent flow

A

flow over rough beds

40
Q

bification

A

flow over rough beds

41
Q

eyot

A

small island in a river

42
Q

helicoidal flow

A

the cork-screw-like flow of water in a meander

43
Q

wetted perimeter

A

the perimeter of the cross sectional area of the river that is ‘wet’

44
Q

hydraulic radius

A

the cross sectional area / wetted perimeter – a measure of efficiency - high HR = more efficient

45
Q

abrasion

A

the erosion of the bed and banks by the load carried

46
Q

attrition

A

the erosion of the load being carried, producing smaller, rounded particles

47
Q

hydraulic action

A

force of air and water on the sides of the river and in cracks

48
Q

solution (erosion)

A

the erosion of the bed and banks by chemicals in the water

49
Q

solution (transport)

A

minerals dissolved in the water

50
Q

suspension

A

smallest particles carried above the riverbed by the current

51
Q

saltation

A

small particles move along the riverbed in t a series of ‘bounces’

52
Q

traction

A

pebbles pushed along the riverbed by the current

53
Q

competence

A

the diameter of the largest particle that can be carried by a river

54
Q

capacity

A

largest amount of load that a river can carry

55
Q

turbulent flow

A

where there are higher velocities and an increase in bed roughness - associated with hydraulic action

56
Q

laminar flow

A

smooth, straight channel with low velocity, allows water to flow in sheets parallel to the channel bed

57
Q

bluff

A

another word for river cliff but also used to describe the edge of a river terrace

58
Q

hydrological cycle

A

the cycle of water between atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere

59
Q

percolation

A

the downwards movement of water from the soil into the bedrock

60
Q

throughflow

A

the flow of water through the soil through percolines

61
Q

baseflow

A

the part of the river discharge provided by groundwater seeping into the riverbed

62
Q

spring

A

natural flow of water from the earths surface, occurring when the water table occurs at the surface

AS. Geography Key Terms (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions