Population Flashcards
CS Zinder province South Niger
4% growth/year
85% subsistence farmers
Land degradation (rapid deforestation) Low income (low harvest) Malnutrition - high infant mortality (250/1000 per year) 45% clean water Health care - rely on overseas aid Education - work on land
Underpopulation and problems
Number of people less than needed for full use of resources
Services close - schools/hospitals/transport
Attract migrants
Defence
Lack workers - less tax - higher salaries
Low national income (economy)
CS unerpopulation in Australia
20 million - same size as USA (300 million)
Empty, could support higher
Lack workers Conflicts - Sydney to attract migrant workers 43% labour force retire in 20years Services close Less innovation Defence
Causes of HIV/AIDS
Lack education Availability of condoms Polygamy Lack testing Prostitution Religious belief Lack medical hygiene (blood)
CS Botswana HIV - eg Nata
24% adults
LE 34years in 2006
Nata - too weak to work, less food, malnutrition, weaker
- children look after ill parents, less skills, economy
Economy 1/3 smaller by 2021
20% cost increase in treating
Dependency ratio, orphans/ill
Education - under15 sex reduced by 50%
2009 ministry of health 20million free condoms
Blood safety - HIV free doubled by 2005 - clean needles
1 year free infant formula (less pregnant HIV)
De Beers employees ‘2 Aid for AIDS’ programme (2001)
Population density and factors
Average number of people/km2
Mountains - communications, fertile Climate - grow crops Coasts - employment, travel, trade, communications Natural disasters Relief, soil, vegetation Poverty - dense, no space Civil war Pollution
Causes of sparse population
Mountain - hard to build, lack transport Very hot/cold Natural disasters/floods Services Employment
Causes of dense population
Fishing/trading coasts Flat land - build Water Transport Employment Services Poverty/desperate Scenic mountains Lack space
CS Japan Honshu Island OSAKA BAY
SW coast - 2000/km2
Coastline - import iron ore/export
Natural harbour - Kobe port 30% commercial shipping
Flat land - build, employment (Panasonic)
Road/railway networks
Steep Rokko Mts - high rise flats
CS Japan JAPANESE ALPS
Centre - 100/km2
Hakuba valley - narrow valley floor, no flat land (build)
Extreme climate - high altitudes, 1°C in winter - thin soils - crops
Isolated, remote - forests, fast flowing rivers, steep valley
Difficult communications - few industries
Internal migration, push/pull factors, rural/urban area
Internal migration: movement of citizens within country
Push: reasons to move away
Pull: reasons to attract
Rural: villages/countryside
Urban: cities/towns
Urban + rural impacts of internal migration
POS URBAN:
Cheap unskilled labour (industry) - low wages, more profit, more tax
NEG URBAN: Slums (LEDC) – unable to cope, lack Arable land, food/space/disease Labour surplus, unemployment Countryside destroyed - less food Pressure on resources
POS RURAL:
Less pressure
Migrants send money back
NEG RURAL: Less land/crops - malnutrition Less workers - food Dependency ratio - less taxes Services close
CS Cusipata (E) to Lima (W), Peru
C: east of Andes, mountains
L: west of Andes, capital (coast)
Dis:
No transport
No guaranteed job
Separated from family
Push factors from Cusipata: 5% fertile 25% no water/electricity Lack healthcare + education Low LE 50 soles (income) No government funds
Pull factors to Lima: 60% safe water + sewage Better healthcare + education (university) 2500 soles (income) Better social services
International migration, asylum seeker, refugee, illegal migrant
Asylum seeker: left country in fear of persecution
Refugee: forced in fear of lives - no permission in another country
International migrant: live/work for at least 1 year
Illegal migrant: enters to live/work without permission
Reasons for forced migration
Religion prosecution War (forced) Racial discrimination Famine Natural disasters (earthquake)
CS Poland to England REASONS
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
600 000 Polish to UK (2004)
Push from Poland:
19% unemployment
Joined EU (2004)
Poor healthcare in some rural areas
Pull to UK: 5% unemployment High demand for unskilled 60% higher monthly wage Free healthcare (for family) English is second language (easy)
CS Poland to UK IMPACTS
ADV:
Jobs filled - more economy
Boston culture - ethnic shops
More taxes - less dependency ratio
DIS: Less unskilled jobs for UK workers Send money back Anti-immigration Boston population 25% increase - services can't cope Homeless - hostility
Overpopulation and problems
Number of people greater than resources available
Strain on services
Housing
Lack clean water + food - no room to grow crops
Traffic
Pollution - asthma, water, air/noise/visual
Deforestation - habitats
Dependent on overseas aid (economy)
Population DMT stages
- High fluctuating BR + DR
- High BR + low DR (medicine)
- Lower BR + low DR (education)
- Low fluctuating BR + DR - constant total population
- Low BR, lower than DR - total population decline
Natural population change/increase
Biggest difference between BR - DR
Eg BR=10, DR=4, NI =6
Birth rate
Number of live births per 1000 people
Death rate
Number of deaths per 1000 people
Overall population change
Difference between DR-BR +/- migration rates
Dependancy ratio
Ratio between amount of dependents + economically active
