Coral Reefs

Question 1

Fringing reef

Answer 1

Circle/fringe coastline
Attached to coastline
Grows around newly formed islands

Question 2

Barrier reef

Answer 2

Offshore, separated from coast by lagoon
Wider than fringing
In shallower area

Question 3

Atoll

Answer 3

Circular around deep central lagoon, submerged

Island disappears below sea level

Question 4

CS Great Barrier Reef

Answer 4

Agriculture sugar cane - Queensland

Question 5

Coral reef and benefits

Answer 5

Marine landforms (polyps) beneath sea in warm, shallow waters

Supports 25% marine species
Protects coastline from erosion
Tourism
Source of raw material (jewelery)

Question 6

Conditions for coral reef

Answer 6

Warm water - 20° 
Clear salty water, sediment free 
Shallow - 60m - flat to attach to, absorb sunlight 
Sunlight (photosynthesis) 
Unpolluted oxygen 
No strong currents 
No fresh water/silt/nutrients 

Pacific Ocean (Queensland) = 23°C

Question 7

Management of coral reef

Answer 7

Ban damaging fishing activities - dynamiting
- Ban overfishing in 1/3 Barrier reef
Conservation zones (no tourists)
Education + promotion of reef restoration
Less fertiliser use
Ban dropping anchors on reef
- Restrict housing development

Question 8

CS Great Barrier reef Australia

Answer 8

2 000km N-S
30° N/S of equator **

Tourism - reef walking/diving, anchors, pollution
Overfishing - cyanide, captures aquarium fish
Agriculture - Queensland sugar cane, pollutants in river/sea/coral
Plant growth - use up O2 - poor coral
Shoreline/housing - use sea bed materials, urban pollution (damages coral)

Question 9

Opportunities of coastal area

Answer 9

Deep sea fishing (ports) 
Tourism - jobs 
Housing - scenic views - eg White Cliff points 
Sports - scuba diving 
Industry

Question 10

Coastal area damage to natural environment (human activity)

Answer 10

Tourism - walking through reefs, litter
Noise/waste from ships - fish/visual
Sewage outlets pollute seas
Overfishing