Population Flashcards
Baby boom
A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 in 1964 which was just after WWII and a time relative to peace and prosperity these conditions a lot for better education and job opportunities encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility
Age-sex distribution
The number of people living in a given unit of area
Baby bust
. Of time during the 1960s and 1970s where fertility rates in the United States dropped as large numbers of women from the baby boom generation saw higher levels of education and more competitive jobs causing them to marry later in life as such the fertility rate job considerably and contrast the baby boom in which fertility rates are quite high
Caring capacity.
The largest number of people the environment of a particular area can sustainably support
Census tract
Small County subdivisions usually containing between 2500 and 8,000 people delineated by the US Census Bureau is an area of relatively uniform population characteristics economic status and living conditions
Chain migration
The migration event in which individuals follow the migratory path of preceding friends or family members to an existing community
Child mortality rate
Number of deaths per thousand children within the first five years of life
Cohort
The population group unified by specific common characteristic, such as age, it’s of subsequently treated as a statistical unit
Cotton belt
The term by which the American South used to be known, as a con historically dominated in the agriculture economy of the region. The same area is known as the new South or Sunbelt because people have migrated here from older cities and industrial north for a better climate and new job opportunities
Crude birth rate
The number of live births per year per thousand people
Crude death rate
The number of deaths per year per thousand people
Demographic accounting equation
An equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population within a country during a particular time. Taking into account but natural increase in that migration
Demographic transition model
A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates throughout time
Demography
The study of human populations, including the temporal and spatial dynamics
Dependency ratio
The ratio number of people who are either too old or too young to provide themselves to the number of people who must support them through their own labor. This is usually expressed in the form n:100, where n equals the number of dependents
Doubling time
Time period Required for population experiencing exponential growth to double its size completely
Emigration
The process of moving out of her particular country usually the individual person’s country of origin
Exponential growth
Growth that occurs when a fixed percentage of new people is added to the population each year. Exponential growth is compound because the fixed growth rate applies to an ever-increasing population
Forced migration
Immigration event in which individuals are forced to leave the country against their will
Generation X
A term coined by artist and author Douglas Coupland who describe people born in the United States between the years 1965 in 1980. This post baby-boom generation will have to support the baby boom cohort as they head into their retirement years
Geodemography
See population geography.
Immigration
The process of individuals moving into a new country with the intentions of remaining there.
Infant mortality rate
The percentage of children who died before their first birthday with in a particular area or country
Internal migration
The permanent or semi permanent movement of individuals within a particular country
Intervening obstacles
Any forces or factors that may limit human migration
Involuntary migration
See forced migration.
Life expectancy
The average age individuals are expected to live, which varies across space, between genders, and even between races
Thomas Malthus
Author of, essay on the principle of population, 1798, who claim that population grows at the exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically, and thereby that, eventually, population growth will out his food production
*remember: Malthus sounds like mouth, mouth=food
Maternity mortality rate
Number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth
Migration
A long-term move of a person from one political jurisdiction to another
Natural increase rate
The difference between the number of births and number of deaths within a particular country
Neo-Mathusian
Advocacy population control programs to ensure enough resources for current and future populations
Overpopulation
A value judgment based on the notion that the resources of a particular area are not great enough to support the area’s current population
Physiologic density
A ratio of human population to the area of cropland, using less developed countries dominated by subsistence agriculture
Population density
The measurement of the number of persons per unit land area
Population geography
A division of human geography concern with spatial variations in distribution, growth, and movements of population
Population pyramid
A model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population
Pull factors
Attractions to draw migrants to a certain place, such as a pleasant climate and employment or educational opportunities
Push factors
Incentives for potential migrants to leave the place, such as a harsh climate, economic recession, or political turmoil
Refugees
People who leave their home because they’re forced out, but not because they’re being officially relocated or enslaved
Rust Belt
The northern industrial states of United States, including Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, in which heavy industry was once the dominant o’clock economic activity. In the 1960s, 1970s, and the 1980s, the state lost much of the economic base to economically attractive regions of United States and the countries were labor was cheaper, leaving oil machinery to rest in the moist northern climate
Sun Belt
US region, mostly comprised of southeastern southwestern states, which is grown most dramatically since World War II
Total fertility rate
The average number of children born to women during her childbearing years
Voluntary migration
Movement of an individual who consciously and voluntarily decides to locate a new area, the opposite of forced migration
Zero population growth
Proposal to end population growth through a variety of official and nongovernmental family-planning programs
