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Human Geography > People and Models > Flashcards

People and Models Flashcards

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0
Q

Zelinsky

A

Student of Saur, cultural geographer who supported American culture…

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1
Q

Jared Diamond

A

Author of Guns, Germs and Steel, concerning environmental determinism and geographic luck

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2
Q

Carl Saur

A

Discussed cultural geography, fierce critic of environmental determinism, supported cultural ecology, Cultural Landscapes

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4
Q

Alfred Wegener

A

Continental drift/Plate Tectonic Theory

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4
Q

Malthus

A

Distopian view of the future, food growth is arithmetic and population growth is geometric. Despite population checks, starvation will continue.

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5
Q

E. G. Ravenstein

A

Law of Migration, gravity model, distance decay

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6
Q

Marx

A

Capitalism creates class struggle and unequal distribution of wealth, socialism promotes equal wealth, society and food

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7
Q

Esther Boserup

A

Opposite of Malthus (Boserup Thesis): said population growth stimulated agriculture production/technology—will never reach carrying capacity as a new invention will increase it. However, there are diminishing nutrients.

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9
Q

Alfred Mahan

A

Sea Power Theory

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10
Q

Friedrich Ratzel

A

German, discussed geopolitics and lebenstraum, proposed that a country will function as an organism–to survive it needs resources, which in turn means it needs territory to gain political power. Environmental Determinism

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11
Q

Halford MacKinder

A

Heartland Theory, Hearts are Kinder

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11
Q

Gimbutas

A

Kurgan hypothesis

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12
Q

Nicholas Spykman

A

Rimland Theory

Think: spikes are used at the rims of land for protection

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13
Q

Renfrew

A

Anatolian hypothesis

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14
Q

Garreau

A

The Nine Nations of North America

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15
Q

Borlaug

A

Father of the Green Revolution

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16
Q

J. H. von Thunen

A

Isolated state

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17
Q

Burgess

A

Concentric Zone Model

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19
Q

Chauncey Harris and E.L. Ullman

A

Multiple Nuclei Model

20
Q

E.L. Ullman

A

Conceptual frame

21
Q

Walter Christaller

A

Central Place Theory
(Hexagons)
Think: some crystals look like hexagons and are at the center of our attention

21
Q

Rostow

A

Modernization model: a liberal model that postulates that economic modernization occurs in five steps

  1. Traditional society
  2. Precondition for takeoff
22
Q

Alfred Weber

A

Least cost theory

24
Q

Immanual Wallerstein

A

World Systems Theory, Core-Periphery Model

24
Q

Law of Migration

A

Five laws: 1. Net migration amounts to a fraction of the gross migration 2. the majority of migrants move a short distance 3. migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big cites. 4. urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas 5. families are less likely to make international moves than young adults

25
Q

Homer Hoyt

A

Urban Sector Model

26
Q

Gravity Model

A

interaction is proportional to the multiplication of the two populations divided by the distance between them; also called distance decay

27
Q

Sea Power

A

discussed the influence and importance of sea power, explained Britain’s dominance (19C) and the value of a strong navy.

28
Q

Organic Theory

A

refer to lebenstraum, country is like an organism

29
Q

Heartland Theory

A

the resource rich, land based pivot area would be key to world dominance, diametrically opposed to Mahan, once controlled by USSR

30
Q

Rimland Theory

A

the Eurasian Rimland, not the Heartland, would be key to global power, the Rimland would be important in containing the Heartland, Britain, USA and USSR would be the main power players, who controls the rimland rules Eurasia, who rules Eurasia controls the destinies of the world

31
Q

Kurgan Hypothesis

A

which states the Proto-Indo-European language diffused from modern day Ukraine through conquest

32
Q

Anatolian Hypothesis

A

states the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) languages spread through the innovation of agriculture rather peacefully with Anatolia as the hearth

33
Q

Nine Nations of North America

A

argues that North America can be divided into nine regions, or nations, which have distinctive economic and cultural features, contends that conventional national and state borders are largely artificial and irrelevant, and that his nations provide a more accurate way of understanding he true nature of North American Society.

34
Q

Isolated State

A

Discussed agricultural location as primarily a factor of transportation cost and profit maximization by farmers through his model. For the image to the left, the black dot represents a city; 1 white dairy and market gardening,; 2 green forest for fuel and building materials; 3 yellow a grains and field crops; 4 red ranching; the outer…

35
Q

Concentric Zone Model

A

structural model of the American central city, based on Chicago in the 1920’s, the zones identified are 1. the CBD 2. the transition zone of mixed residential, factory, and commercial use 3. low-class residential homes (inner city) 4. better qua lit homes middle class 5. upper class commuters zone. This theory is based on bid rent. the among that people will pay for the land, wealthier families tend to live farther away, as they can afford automobiles

36
Q

Ullman’s Conceptual Frame

A

proposed that trade was an interaction based on three phenomena: complementarity, intervening opportunities, and transferability of commodities

37
Q

Modernization Model

A

a liberal model that postulates that economic modernization occurs in five basic stages; 1. traditional society 2. precondition for takeoff 3. takeoff 4. drive to maturity 5. Age of Mass Consumption

39
Q

World Systems Theory

A

proposed a three tier structure to a economic and political structure, the industrialized capitalist countries: US, UK, Japan, dominates other countries, the industrializing countries: Brazil, China, India, as the countries which are dominated usually by the core, while at the same time dominating others, the periphery, and undeveloped/developing: Congo, Zambia, Haiti, since they are dependent on the more powerful countries

40
Q

H Carey

A

Gravity Model

41
Q

Manuel Castells, Peter Hall

A

Technopoles

42
Q

August Losch

A

Agglomeration/Spatial Influence

43
Q

W.W. Rostow

A

Economic Development

44
Q

John Borchert

A

States of Evolution of American Metropolis

45
Q

Paul Ehrlich and Lester Brown

A

Neo-Malthusianism

46
Q

Vidal de la Blache

A

Possibilism

Human Geography (8 decks)

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