People and Models Flashcards
Zelinsky
Student of Saur, cultural geographer who supported American culture…
Jared Diamond
Author of Guns, Germs and Steel, concerning environmental determinism and geographic luck
Carl Saur
Discussed cultural geography, fierce critic of environmental determinism, supported cultural ecology, Cultural Landscapes
Alfred Wegener
Continental drift/Plate Tectonic Theory
Malthus
Distopian view of the future, food growth is arithmetic and population growth is geometric. Despite population checks, starvation will continue.
E. G. Ravenstein
Law of Migration, gravity model, distance decay
Marx
Capitalism creates class struggle and unequal distribution of wealth, socialism promotes equal wealth, society and food
Esther Boserup
Opposite of Malthus (Boserup Thesis): said population growth stimulated agriculture production/technology—will never reach carrying capacity as a new invention will increase it. However, there are diminishing nutrients.
Alfred Mahan
Sea Power Theory
Friedrich Ratzel
German, discussed geopolitics and lebenstraum, proposed that a country will function as an organism–to survive it needs resources, which in turn means it needs territory to gain political power. Environmental Determinism
Halford MacKinder
Heartland Theory, Hearts are Kinder
Gimbutas
Kurgan hypothesis
Nicholas Spykman
Rimland Theory
Think: spikes are used at the rims of land for protection
Renfrew
Anatolian hypothesis
Garreau
The Nine Nations of North America
Borlaug
Father of the Green Revolution
J. H. von Thunen
Isolated state
Burgess
Concentric Zone Model
Chauncey Harris and E.L. Ullman
Multiple Nuclei Model
E.L. Ullman
Conceptual frame
Walter Christaller
Central Place Theory
(Hexagons)
Think: some crystals look like hexagons and are at the center of our attention
Rostow
Modernization model: a liberal model that postulates that economic modernization occurs in five steps
- Traditional society
- Precondition for takeoff
Alfred Weber
Least cost theory
Immanual Wallerstein
World Systems Theory, Core-Periphery Model
Law of Migration
Five laws: 1. Net migration amounts to a fraction of the gross migration 2. the majority of migrants move a short distance 3. migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big cites. 4. urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas 5. families are less likely to make international moves than young adults
Homer Hoyt
Urban Sector Model
Gravity Model
interaction is proportional to the multiplication of the two populations divided by the distance between them; also called distance decay
Sea Power
discussed the influence and importance of sea power, explained Britain’s dominance (19C) and the value of a strong navy.
Organic Theory
refer to lebenstraum, country is like an organism
Heartland Theory
the resource rich, land based pivot area would be key to world dominance, diametrically opposed to Mahan, once controlled by USSR
Rimland Theory
the Eurasian Rimland, not the Heartland, would be key to global power, the Rimland would be important in containing the Heartland, Britain, USA and USSR would be the main power players, who controls the rimland rules Eurasia, who rules Eurasia controls the destinies of the world
Kurgan Hypothesis
which states the Proto-Indo-European language diffused from modern day Ukraine through conquest
Anatolian Hypothesis
states the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) languages spread through the innovation of agriculture rather peacefully with Anatolia as the hearth
Nine Nations of North America
argues that North America can be divided into nine regions, or nations, which have distinctive economic and cultural features, contends that conventional national and state borders are largely artificial and irrelevant, and that his nations provide a more accurate way of understanding he true nature of North American Society.
Isolated State
Discussed agricultural location as primarily a factor of transportation cost and profit maximization by farmers through his model. For the image to the left, the black dot represents a city; 1 white dairy and market gardening,; 2 green forest for fuel and building materials; 3 yellow a grains and field crops; 4 red ranching; the outer…
Concentric Zone Model
structural model of the American central city, based on Chicago in the 1920’s, the zones identified are 1. the CBD 2. the transition zone of mixed residential, factory, and commercial use 3. low-class residential homes (inner city) 4. better qua lit homes middle class 5. upper class commuters zone. This theory is based on bid rent. the among that people will pay for the land, wealthier families tend to live farther away, as they can afford automobiles
Ullman’s Conceptual Frame
proposed that trade was an interaction based on three phenomena: complementarity, intervening opportunities, and transferability of commodities
Modernization Model
a liberal model that postulates that economic modernization occurs in five basic stages; 1. traditional society 2. precondition for takeoff 3. takeoff 4. drive to maturity 5. Age of Mass Consumption
World Systems Theory
proposed a three tier structure to a economic and political structure, the industrialized capitalist countries: US, UK, Japan, dominates other countries, the industrializing countries: Brazil, China, India, as the countries which are dominated usually by the core, while at the same time dominating others, the periphery, and undeveloped/developing: Congo, Zambia, Haiti, since they are dependent on the more powerful countries
H Carey
Gravity Model
Manuel Castells, Peter Hall
Technopoles
August Losch
Agglomeration/Spatial Influence
W.W. Rostow
Economic Development
John Borchert
States of Evolution of American Metropolis
Paul Ehrlich and Lester Brown
Neo-Malthusianism
Vidal de la Blache
Possibilism
