Population

Question 1

Define birth rate.

Answer 1

The number of births per thousand population in a year.

Question 2

Define death rate.

Answer 2

The number of deaths per thousand population in a year.

Question 3

What is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate called?

Answer 3

The rate of natural change.
Positive = natural increase
Negative = natural decrease

Question 4

Name five reasons why a country would have a high birth rate.

Answer 4

1) Elderly support.
2) Religious reasons (views on contraceptives).
3) Family labour.
4) High infant mortality.
5) Lack of education/no knowledge of contraceptives.

Question 5

Name three reasons a coutry would have a falling death rate.

Answer 5

• Increased medical facilities/knowledge.
• Increased access to clean water and sanitation.
• Increased knowledge of diet and healthy life habits.

Question 6

Define human migration.

Answer 6

The movement of people from one place in the world to another.

Question 7

Define refugee.

Answer 7

A person who moves to a new country because of a problem in their former home.

Question 8

What is the formula for net migration?

Answer 8

immigrants - emigrants

Question 9

What is the formula for the rate of population growth?

Answer 9

(natural change) + (net migration)

Question 10

How many stages are there in the demographic transition model?

Answer 10

5

Question 11

Define infant mortality rate.

Answer 11

The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per thousand live births per year.

Question 12

What are the three ways a population can be divided?

Answer 12

Dependent population: below 15 years old.
Economically active: 15 - 64 years old.
Elderly dependent population: 65 and older.

Question 13

What is internal migration?

Answer 13

Moving within a country.

Question 14

What is international migration?

Answer 14

Moving from one country to another.

Question 15

What are push factors?

Answer 15

Factors that cause people to leave their country.

Question 16

Name five push factors.

Answer 16

1. Not enough jobs
2. Poor educational opportunities
3. Poor health care
4. War with another country
5. Disease

Question 17

What are pull factors?

Answer 17

Factors that attract people to a new country.

Question 18

Name 5 pull factors.

Answer 18

1. Higher wages
2. Chance of a better education
3. Better standard of living
4. Lower levels of crime
5. Better health care

Question 19

How do you calculate population density?

Answer 19

total population/area

Question 20

What is population distribution?

Answer 20

How the population is spread out over an area.

Question 21

What are population policies?

Answer 21

Direct laws or policies implemented by a country’s government to control its population growth rate.

Question 22

What are the two types of population policies?

Answer 22

1. Pro-natalist: boosts country’s birth rate.
2. Anti-natalist: controls or limits country’s birth rate.

Question 23

What is a case study for population policies?

Answer 23

China. One child policy in 1979.
Worried about overpopulation. China’s natural increase and fertility rate dropped. Elderly population and smaller working class will strain the economy and China’s population will fall greatly.
Great gender imbalance.

Question 24

Case study for countries with a low birth rate.

Answer 24

Japan.
Long life expectancy + low birth rates.
Less recruits in armed forces leaving Japan vulnerable.
Pro-natalist policy in 1994 that didn’t work.
Later retirement age.
More taxes and higher age for state pension.
Ageing population needs more accessiblity and money from the government.

Question 25

What is the age dependency ratio?

Answer 25

It measures the financial pressure on the actively working population of a community.

Question 26

What do high and low age dependency ratios mean?

Answer 26

Higher ratio: greater burden is carries by the working-age people.
Lower ratio: more people are working who can support the dependent population.

Question 27

What are some social impacts on high birth rates?

Answer 27

• Not enough resources to feed and sustain population.
• Not enough workers to make money for the country.
• Not enough healthcare workers.