Population Flashcards
Define birth rate.
The number of births per thousand population in a year.
Define death rate.
The number of deaths per thousand population in a year.
What is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate called?
The rate of natural change.
Positive = natural increase
Negative = natural decrease
Name five reasons why a country would have a high birth rate.
1) Elderly support.
2) Religious reasons (views on contraceptives).
3) Family labour.
4) High infant mortality.
5) Lack of education/no knowledge of contraceptives.
Name three reasons a coutry would have a falling death rate.
- Increased medical facilities/knowledge.
- Increased access to clean water and sanitation.
- Increased knowledge of diet and healthy life habits.
Define human migration.
The movement of people from one place in the world to another.
Define refugee.
A person who moves to a new country because of a problem in their former home.
What is the formula for net migration?
immigrants - emigrants
What is the formula for the rate of population growth?
(natural change) + (net migration)
How many stages are there in the demographic transition model?
5
Define infant mortality rate.
The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per thousand live births per year.
What are the three ways a population can be divided?
Dependent population: below 15 years old.
Economically active: 15 - 64 years old.
Elderly dependent population: 65 and older.
What is internal migration?
Moving within a country.
What is international migration?
Moving from one country to another.
What are push factors?
Factors that cause people to leave their country.
Name five push factors.
- Not enough jobs
- Poor educational opportunities
- Poor health care
- War with another country
- Disease
What are pull factors?
Factors that attract people to a new country.
Name 5 pull factors.
- Higher wages
- Chance of a better education
- Better standard of living
- Lower levels of crime
- Better health care
How do you calculate population density?
total population/area
What is population distribution?
How the population is spread out over an area.
What are population policies?
Direct laws or policies implemented by a country’s government to control its population growth rate.
What are the two types of population policies?
- Pro-natalist: boosts country’s birth rate.
- Anti-natalist: controls or limits country’s birth rate.
What is a case study for population policies?
China. One child policy in 1979.
Worried about overpopulation. China’s natural increase and fertility rate dropped. Elderly population and smaller working class will strain the economy and China’s population will fall greatly.
Great gender imbalance.
Case study for countries with a low birth rate.
Japan.
Long life expectancy + low birth rates.
Less recruits in armed forces leaving Japan vulnerable.
Pro-natalist policy in 1994 that didn’t work.
Later retirement age.
More taxes and higher age for state pension.
Ageing population needs more accessiblity and money from the government.
