Plate Tectonics

Question 1

What are the two types of tectonic plates?

Answer 1

Oceanic and continental.

Question 2

What are the features of oceanic plates?

Answer 2

Basalt, thin + dark, heavy, dense.

Question 3

What are the features of continental plates?

Answer 3

Granite, thick, light.

Question 4

What are the three types of plate movement?

Answer 4

Diverging/Constructive.
Converging/Destructive.
Transform/Conservative.

Question 5

What is subuction?

Answer 5

When an oceanic plate goes under a continental plate.

Question 6

What is magma?

Answer 6

Molten rock, lava under the earth.

Question 7

What is a plate margin?

Answer 7

A place where one plate meets another.

Question 8

What are the two types of volcanoes?

Answer 8

Shieldvolcanoes and Stratovolcanoes

Question 9

What are the features of shield volcanoes?

Answer 9

Rise from the deep ocean floor
Gentle upper slopes + steeper lower slopes
Cover a wide area
Circular/oval shaped
Composed of thin lava flows and a central vent
Little pyroclastic material
Runny/basic lave, cools on lower slopes = steeper

Question 10

What are the features of Stratovolcanoes?

Answer 10

Steeper slopes + narrower bases
Short, wide, viscous lava flows
Alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material
More explosive
Pale lava
Long dormant periodss = very dangerous

Question 11

What are craters?

Answer 11

Circular depressions
Formed by the explosive ejection of material from a central vent

Question 12

What are calderas?

Answer 12

Huge crater
Caused when a volcano cone collapses into a partly empty magma chamber after a powerful eruption

Question 13

What are parasitic cones?

Answer 13

Smaller cones on the sides of bigger volcanoes

Question 14

What is a volcanic plug?

Answer 14

When a vent of lava cone is solidified by acid lava

Question 15

Give five ways people can reduce the risk of a volcanic eruption.

Answer 15

1. Lava flow diversion
2. Mudflow barriers
3. Volcano monitoring
4. Remote sensing
5. Building design

Question 16

Give five advantages of volcanoes.

Answer 16

1. Geothermal power
2. Fertile soils
3. Creating landmass
4. Minerals and mining
5. Created earth’s oceans and atmosphere

Question 17

Case study for volcanoes.

Answer 17

Iceland
Weak earthquakes were a warning
A fissure ruptured
Houses collapsed
New land was formed, a new volcano was formed, lava flows threatened to block the harbor
A better coastline to block from rough seas is there
Ash used for roads

Question 18

What is the point within the earth where the earthquake originates called?

Answer 18

the focus

Question 19

What is the point on earth’s surface where the earthquake originates called?

Answer 19

the epicenter

Question 20

What are the five damage factors that affect an earthquake’s damage?

Answer 20

1. Energy released
2. Depth of focus
3. Density of population
4. If the buildings are earthquake-resistant
5. Solidity of bedrock

Question 21

What is a tsunami?

Answer 21

a giant ocean wave caused by an earthquake in the ocean.

Question 22

How do earthquakes happen?

Answer 22

plates move against each other along a fault and get stuck. when they break free it releases a lot of energy and causes an earthquake.

Question 23

What does the Mercalli scale asses?

Answer 23

the effects of an earthquake.

Question 24

What does the Richter scale asses?

Answer 24

the energy produced by an earthquake.

Question 25

What is fault/fault line?

Answer 25

a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, which allow the blocks to move relative to each other.

Question 26

When was the Haiti earthquake?

Answer 26

2010

Question 27

Where is Haiti located?

Answer 27

Central America near a destructive plate margin.

Question 28

What are 3 effects of the Haiti earthquake?

Answer 28

1. 200,000 people killed and 300,000 people injured
2. 1.3 million made homeless
3. 2 million without food and water.