POPH192 - Lecture 22

Question 1

what are the 6 ethical guidelines?

Answer 1

DJ CRIBS

• Diversity
• Justice
• Conflict of interest
• Respesct for persons (respect for autonomy and vulnerable people)
• Integrity
• Beneficence and Non-maleficence

Question 2

what is diversity? what must be considered?

Answer 2

• requires that researchers/investigators understand, respect, acknowledge and recognise the diversity of the population they are researching
• must consider the needs, cultural values and beliefs of various individuals

Question 3

what is involved in justice?

Answer 3

• requires that any study within a population fairy distributes the beliefs and burdens of participation in the study/various studies
• vulnerable individuals should not bare the unfair burdens of participating constantly in the studies, nor should they be excluded from beneficial studies

Question 4

what is involved in addressing conflict of interest?

Answer 4

• an ethical concept where the results of the study can be swayed by researchers whom may have vested interest in the outcome of the study
• can be politcal, professional, financial or academic related

Question 5

what is involved in respect?

Answer 5

respect for persons
- to have self governance and autonomy

• study participants have a right to informed consent and withdrawl from the study without consequence
• protection of the vulnerable members of society
• elderly, disabled, children

Question 6

what is involved in integrity?

Answer 6

• researchers strive to produce viable, untampered results in studies

Question 7

what is involved in beneficence and non-maleficence?

Answer 7

beneficence:
- study must be of some benefit either to individuals or whole populations

non-maleficene:

• doing no harm
• or harm is outweighed by the potential benefits

Question 8

what concept is clinical equipoise related to?

Answer 8

• beneficence and non-maleficence

Question 9

what is involved in clinical equipoise?

Answer 9

• requirement that researchers must be genuinely uncertain what the outcome of the trial may be and whether the intervention will be worse or better than the current treatment
• participants should not be subject to any substantial disadvantage from being in the study
• studies can be stopped prematurely if the study is showing benefit or risks to being in the intervention group

Question 10

what is involved in informed consent?

Answer 10

• participants need to give written informed consent however this is ‘ongoing’ and they can withdraw from the study if they wish

Question 11

what are the requirements for informed consent?

Answer 11

• disclosure of the risks, purpose and processes of the study
• that there is reasonable efforts from the researchers to explain this information
• that the person is competent to give consent
• no coercive factors involved (money, bribes)