Pons and Midbrain

Question 1

receptors and N1 for vestibular root of CN VIII

Answer 1

semicircular canals
otoloth organs (utricle and saccule);
scarpa’s ganglion

Question 2

receptors and N1 for cochlear root of CN VIII

Answer 2

organs of corti, spiral ganglion

Question 3

principal ascending pathway for hearing; formed in the pontine tegmentum

Answer 3

lateral lemniscus

Question 4

tract at the basis of the pons controlling movement of the distal limb of the contralateral side

Answer 4

corticospinal tract

Question 5

tract that synapses with lateral neurons supplying the distal limbs; 90%

Answer 5

lateral corticospinal tract

Question 6

tract that supplies the axial or truncal muscles; 10%

Answer 6

ventral corticospinal tract

Question 7

anatomical basis for communication between one cerebral hemisphere with the opposite cerebellar hemisphere

Answer 7

corticopontocerebellar pathway

Question 8

fibers mediating concious proprioception, vibration, fine touch (contralateral side)

Answer 8

dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

Question 9

dorsal to the trapezoid body; flattened elliptical discs

Answer 9

medial lemniscus

Question 10

tract for crude touch

Answer 10

ventral spinothalamic tract

Question 11

tract for temperature and pain from the trunk

Answer 11

lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 12

pathway for horizontal conjugate gaze; most dorsomedial portion of pontine tegmentum

Answer 12

medial longitudinal fasciculus

Question 13

pathway for pain, temperature, crude touch from the face; ventromedial to the ICP

Answer 13

descending nucleus and tract of trigeminal

Question 14

a lesion on the facial motor nucleus would cause

Answer 14

flattening of wrinkle lines, inability to close eyes, drooping of angle of mouth

Question 15

give rise to the parasympathetic, preganglionic efferent nerve fiber that will exit as part of the intermediate nerve; GVE

Answer 15

superior salivary and lacrimal nuclei

Question 16

ganglion of the nervus intermedius/nerve of wrisberg (GVE)

Answer 16

sphenopalatine ganglion

submandibular ganglion

Question 17

only bipolar ganglions found in the pons

Answer 17

sphenopalatine, submandibular, spiral, scarpa’s ganglion

Question 18

give the nucleus and ganglion providing taste sensation from anterior 2/3 of the tongue (SVA)

Answer 18

nucleus of tractus solitarius (rostral) - geniculate ganglion

Question 19

give the nucleus and ganglion providing cutaneous sensation from external ear and external auditory canal (GSA)

Answer 19

descending nucleus of V - geniculate ganglion

Question 20

give the nucleus and ganglion providing visceral sensation from nasal cavity, soft palate and sinus cavities (GVA); smallest

Answer 20

nucleus of tractus solitarius (caudal) - geniculate ganglion

Question 21

plays a role in the coordination of HORIZONTAL eye movements/conjugate gaze; pontine tegmentum

Answer 21

paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)

Question 22

promotes inspiration by constant stimulation of dorsal respiratory group; long and deep inspiration

Answer 22

apneustic center

Question 23

reflex wherein muscles have been maximally stretched due to maximal inspiration

Answer 23

hering-breuer reflex

Question 24

provides bilateral auditory information; more from contralateral side

Answer 24

lateral lemniscus

Question 25

central lesion on lateral lemniscus would cause

Answer 25

bilateral partial deafness, contralateral

Question 26

peripheral lesion on lateral lemniscus would cause

Answer 26

ipsilateral complete deafness

Question 27

cochlear nerve provides (ipsilateral or contralateral) auditory information

Answer 27

ipsilateral

Question 28

overlying sulcus limitans undergoes bluish-grey discoloration (substantia ferruginea)

Answer 28

locus ceruleus

Question 29

automatic switching off of inspiration; controls rate of breathing; located at the lower 1/2 of pons

Answer 29

pneumotaxic center

Question 30

give the nucleus (n2) and ganglion (N1) of the main sensory nucleus of V

Answer 30

N1- gasserian ganglion | N2- principal nucleus of V

Question 31

conscious proprioception

Answer 31

upper trunk and limbs - n. cuneatus | lower trunk - n. gracilis

Question 32

unconscious proprioception

Answer 32

upper trunk - accessory cuneate n. | lower trunk - dorsal n. of clarke

Question 33

concerned with the reflex control of bite; non-co proprioception for muscles of maste

Answer 33

mesencephalic n. of V

Question 34

reflex derived from trigemino-trigeminal reflex; mesencephalic-motor

Answer 34

jaw jerk reflex

Question 35

reflex derived from trigemino-facial reflex

Answer 35

corneal reflex

Question 36

pontine arteries - part they supply

Answer 36

paramedian - medial; short circumferential - lateral; long circumferential - MCP, tegmentum

Question 37

where do fibers from Arnold's bundle originate

Answer 37

frontal lobe, medial 1/5

Question 38

where do fibers from Turck's bundle originate

Answer 38

parietal, occipital, temporal lobes

Question 39

largest nucleus, plays an important role in regulation and modulation of movement

Answer 39

substantia nigra

Question 40

pars compacta

Answer 40

dopamine

Question 41

pars compacta

Answer 41

dopamine; dorsal

Question 42

pars reticulata

Answer 42

GABA; ventral

Question 43

area of decussation for corticopontocerebellar pathway

Answer 43

SCP or brachium conjuctivum

Question 44

supplies the contralateral superior oblique

Answer 44

trochlear nucleus

Question 45

supplies the ipsilateral superior oblique (GSE)

Answer 45

trochlear nerve

Question 46

pathway where the superior colliculus would project to the spinal cord for visual reflexes

Answer 46

tectospinal tract

Question 47

parkinson's disease is due to the degeneration on which area of the substantia nigra

Answer 47

pars compacta

Question 48

responsible for the reward pathway; dopamine

Answer 48

ventral tegmental area of Tsai (VTA)

Question 49

cerebral relay nuclei; point of termination after decussation at SCP

Answer 49

red nucleus

Question 50

descending projection of the red nucleus that gives rise to descending rubro-olivary tract

Answer 50

parvocellular (rostral)

Question 51

descending projection of the red nucleus that gives rise to descending rubrospinal tract

Answer 51

magnocellular (caudal)

Question 52

the rubro-olivary tract would end ipsilaterally in the

Answer 52

inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla

Question 53

the rubrospinal tract would end contralaterally in the

Answer 53

spinal motor neurons

Question 54

rubrospinal decussation

Answer 54

ventral tegmental decussation of Forel

Question 55

tectospinal decussation; reflex movement of head and neck in response to visual stimuli

Answer 55

dorsal tegmental decussation of Meynert

Question 56

part of the oculomotor complex that supplies skeletal muscles

Answer 56

somatic cell column

Question 57

part of the oculomotor complex for parasympathetic function

Answer 57

visceral cell column

Question 58

main nucleus for the visceral cell column

Answer 58

edinger-westphal nucleus

Question 59

nerves exiting the superior orbital fissure

Answer 59

III, IV, VI, V1

Question 60

coordinating center for vertical conjugate gaze; located at the midbrain-diencephalic junction

Answer 60

rostral interstitial nucleus of MLF (RiMLF)

Question 61

nucleus for pupillary light reflex

Answer 61

pretectum nucleus

Question 62

midbrain supplies to different regions (matching type) ventromedial ventrolateral posterior QA, PChA, AChA; QA, SCA; paramedian branches of PCA, PCOM

Answer 62

ventromedial - paramedian branches of PCA, PCOM; ventrolateral - QA, PChA, AChA; posterior - QA, SCA