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Neurosciences > Pons and Midbrain > Flashcards

Pons and Midbrain Flashcards

1
Q

receptors and N1 for vestibular root of CN VIII

A

semicircular canals
otoloth organs (utricle and saccule);
scarpa’s ganglion

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2
Q

receptors and N1 for cochlear root of CN VIII

A

organs of corti, spiral ganglion

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3
Q

principal ascending pathway for hearing; formed in the pontine tegmentum

A

lateral lemniscus

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4
Q

tract at the basis of the pons controlling movement of the distal limb of the contralateral side

A

corticospinal tract

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5
Q

tract that synapses with lateral neurons supplying the distal limbs; 90%

A

lateral corticospinal tract

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6
Q

tract that supplies the axial or truncal muscles; 10%

A

ventral corticospinal tract

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7
Q

anatomical basis for communication between one cerebral hemisphere with the opposite cerebellar hemisphere

A

corticopontocerebellar pathway

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8
Q

fibers mediating concious proprioception, vibration, fine touch (contralateral side)

A

dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

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9
Q

dorsal to the trapezoid body; flattened elliptical discs

A

medial lemniscus

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10
Q

tract for crude touch

A

ventral spinothalamic tract

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11
Q

tract for temperature and pain from the trunk

A

lateral spinothalamic tract

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12
Q

pathway for horizontal conjugate gaze; most dorsomedial portion of pontine tegmentum

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

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13
Q

pathway for pain, temperature, crude touch from the face; ventromedial to the ICP

A

descending nucleus and tract of trigeminal

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14
Q

a lesion on the facial motor nucleus would cause

A

flattening of wrinkle lines, inability to close eyes, drooping of angle of mouth

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15
Q

give rise to the parasympathetic, preganglionic efferent nerve fiber that will exit as part of the intermediate nerve; GVE

A

superior salivary and lacrimal nuclei

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16
Q

ganglion of the nervus intermedius/nerve of wrisberg (GVE)

A

sphenopalatine ganglion

submandibular ganglion

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17
Q

only bipolar ganglions found in the pons

A

sphenopalatine, submandibular, spiral, scarpa’s ganglion

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18
Q

give the nucleus and ganglion providing taste sensation from anterior 2/3 of the tongue (SVA)

A

nucleus of tractus solitarius (rostral) - geniculate ganglion

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19
Q

give the nucleus and ganglion providing cutaneous sensation from external ear and external auditory canal (GSA)

A

descending nucleus of V - geniculate ganglion

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20
Q

give the nucleus and ganglion providing visceral sensation from nasal cavity, soft palate and sinus cavities (GVA); smallest

A

nucleus of tractus solitarius (caudal) - geniculate ganglion

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21
Q

plays a role in the coordination of HORIZONTAL eye movements/conjugate gaze; pontine tegmentum

A

paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)

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22
Q

promotes inspiration by constant stimulation of dorsal respiratory group; long and deep inspiration

A

apneustic center

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23
Q

reflex wherein muscles have been maximally stretched due to maximal inspiration

A

hering-breuer reflex

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24
Q

provides bilateral auditory information; more from contralateral side

A

lateral lemniscus

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25
Q

central lesion on lateral lemniscus would cause

A

bilateral partial deafness, contralateral

26
Q

peripheral lesion on lateral lemniscus would cause

A

ipsilateral complete deafness

27
Q

cochlear nerve provides (ipsilateral or contralateral) auditory information

A

ipsilateral

28
Q

overlying sulcus limitans undergoes bluish-grey discoloration (substantia ferruginea)

A

locus ceruleus

29
Q

automatic switching off of inspiration; controls rate of breathing; located at the lower 1/2 of pons

A

pneumotaxic center

30
Q

give the nucleus (n2) and ganglion (N1) of the main sensory nucleus of V

A

N1- gasserian ganglion

N2- principal nucleus of V

31
Q

conscious proprioception

A

upper trunk and limbs - n. cuneatus

lower trunk - n. gracilis

32
Q

unconscious proprioception

A

upper trunk - accessory cuneate n.

lower trunk - dorsal n. of clarke

33
Q

concerned with the reflex control of bite; non-co proprioception for muscles of maste

A

mesencephalic n. of V

34
Q

reflex derived from trigemino-trigeminal reflex; mesencephalic-motor

A

jaw jerk reflex

35
Q

reflex derived from trigemino-facial reflex

A

corneal reflex

36
Q

pontine arteries - part they supply

A

paramedian - medial;
short circumferential - lateral;
long circumferential - MCP, tegmentum

37
Q

where do fibers from Arnold’s bundle originate

A

frontal lobe, medial 1/5

38
Q

where do fibers from Turck’s bundle originate

A

parietal, occipital, temporal lobes

39
Q

largest nucleus, plays an important role in regulation and modulation of movement

A

substantia nigra

40
Q

pars compacta

A

dopamine

41
Q

pars compacta

A

dopamine; dorsal

42
Q

pars reticulata

A

GABA; ventral

43
Q

area of decussation for corticopontocerebellar pathway

A

SCP or brachium conjuctivum

44
Q

supplies the contralateral superior oblique

A

trochlear nucleus

45
Q

supplies the ipsilateral superior oblique (GSE)

A

trochlear nerve

46
Q

pathway where the superior colliculus would project to the spinal cord for visual reflexes

A

tectospinal tract

47
Q

parkinson’s disease is due to the degeneration on which area of the substantia nigra

A

pars compacta

48
Q

responsible for the reward pathway; dopamine

A

ventral tegmental area of Tsai (VTA)

49
Q

cerebral relay nuclei; point of termination after decussation at SCP

A

red nucleus

50
Q

descending projection of the red nucleus that gives rise to descending rubro-olivary tract

A

parvocellular (rostral)

51
Q

descending projection of the red nucleus that gives rise to descending rubrospinal tract

A

magnocellular (caudal)

52
Q

the rubro-olivary tract would end ipsilaterally in the

A

inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla

53
Q

the rubrospinal tract would end contralaterally in the

A

spinal motor neurons

54
Q

rubrospinal decussation

A

ventral tegmental decussation of Forel

55
Q

tectospinal decussation; reflex movement of head and neck in response to visual stimuli

A

dorsal tegmental decussation of Meynert

56
Q

part of the oculomotor complex that supplies skeletal muscles

A

somatic cell column

57
Q

part of the oculomotor complex for parasympathetic function

A

visceral cell column

58
Q

main nucleus for the visceral cell column

A

edinger-westphal nucleus

59
Q

nerves exiting the superior orbital fissure

A

III, IV, VI, V1

60
Q

coordinating center for vertical conjugate gaze; located at the midbrain-diencephalic junction

A

rostral interstitial nucleus of MLF (RiMLF)

61
Q

nucleus for pupillary light reflex

A

pretectum nucleus

62
Q

midbrain supplies to different regions (matching type)
ventromedial
ventrolateral
posterior

QA, PChA, AChA;
QA, SCA;
paramedian branches of PCA, PCOM

A

ventromedial - paramedian branches of PCA, PCOM;
ventrolateral - QA, PChA, AChA;
posterior - QA, SCA

Neurosciences (4 decks)

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