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Neurosciences > Diencephalon > Flashcards

Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

where is the diencephalon situated between

A

telencephalon and brainstem

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2
Q

the diencephalon has a reciprocal relationship with the

A

cerebrum

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3
Q

the left and right sides of the dienephalon is divided by

A

the 3rd ventricle

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4
Q

how far can information be relayed downwards from the diencephalon

A

spinal cord

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5
Q

largest subdivision of the diencephalon

A

thalamus/dorsal thalamus

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6
Q

mediates conscious sensation and limbic/cognitive functions of the limb

A

thalamus

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7
Q

has functions related to appropriate behavior and learning memory

A

thalamus

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8
Q

connections of the hypothalamus anteriorly and inferiorly

A

A: forebrain
I: brainstem

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9
Q

automatically regulates body functions without knowledge (visceromotor, autonomic functions)

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

smallest subdivision

A

ventral thalamus and epithalamus

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11
Q

linked to the basal nuclei of the forebrain; functions in the motor sphere

A

subthalamic nucleus

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12
Q

a lesion in the ventral thalamus causes

A

contralateral emergence of involuntary movements (hemiballisimus)

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13
Q

functionally related to the limbic system; develops from the roof plate

A

epithalamus

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14
Q

shallow groove that appears in the wall of the 3rd ventricle (anteroposterior)

A

hypothalamic sulcus

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15
Q

divides the alar plate into a future dorsal thalamus above and a future hypothalamus below

A

interventricular foramen

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16
Q

arises anterior to the habenular region from the roof plate epithelium and adjacent pia mater

A

choroid plexus of the 3rd ventricle

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17
Q

what lies between the hypothalamus and thalamic structures

A

choroid plexus of the 3rd ventricle

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18
Q

foramen that makes the choroid plexus continuous with the paired lateral ventricles

A

interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)

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19
Q

what is formed with the fusion of the dorsal thalamus and the space of the 3rd ventricle

A

massa intermedia or interthalamic adhesion

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20
Q

releases metabolites and neuropeptides into the CSF or cerebrovascular system; has no blood brain barrier

A

circumventricular organs

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21
Q

CO located near the fornix

A

subfornicular organ

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22
Q

CO vascular organ of the lamina terminalis

A

organum vasculosum

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23
Q

CO beneath the posterior commissure

A

subcommisural organ

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24
Q

CO that is part of the epithalamus

A

pineal gland

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25
Q

develops from caudal portion of the roof plate epithelium

A

epithalamus

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26
Q

at what week of development is there small thickening of the roof plate to form the epiphysis

A

7th week

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27
Q

what is formed at the 7th week of development

A

pineal gland

28
Q

small thickening in which the habenular nuclei will develop

A

habenula

29
Q

outpouching that comes from the primitive oral cavity or stomodeum

A

rathke’s pouch

30
Q

a tumor on rathke’s pouch causing abnormal development of the pituitary gland

A

craniopharyngioma

31
Q

the pituiitary gland is formed by these two structures

A

rathke’s pouch and infundibulum

32
Q

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

adenohypophysis

33
Q

intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland

A

pars intermedia

34
Q

the infundibulum will differentiate into ___; also called posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

neurohypophysis

35
Q

in what cut is the third ventricle observed mostly on neural imaging

A

axial cut

36
Q

the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles are connected to the 3rd ventricle via

A

left and right interventricular foramina

37
Q

located superior to the hypothalamic sulcus and beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum

A

dorsal thalamus

38
Q

what portion of the thalamus lies beneath the splenium

A

posterior

39
Q

what lies inferior and beneath the hypothalamic sulcus

A

hypothalamus

40
Q

borders of the hypothalamus (r and c)

A

R: lamina terminalis
C: imaginary line intersecting the hpothalamic sulucs

41
Q

can only be seen in a coronal section

A

ventral thalamus

42
Q

structures surrounding the ventral thalamus

A

R: diencephalic-midbrain junction
C: hypothalamus
L: midline; zona incerta
M: Field of Forel; pre-rubral

43
Q

separates zona incerta from subthalamic nucleus

A

lenticular fasciculus

44
Q

nucleus with motor function and extensive connections to the basal ganglia

A

subthalamic nucleus

45
Q

an afferent bundle coming from inferior sections of the brain particularly the limbic and basal ganglia

A

stria medullaris thalami

46
Q

pathway of ascending input from thalamus to various cortical areas or gyri

A

thalamocortical fibers

47
Q

functional gateway of the cerebral cortex; receives reciprocal projection from the cortical region

A

corticothalamic fibers

48
Q

medial border of the thalamus

A

3rd ventricle

49
Q

pathway connecting the mamillary nucleus of the hypothalamus and anterior nucleus of the thalamus

A

mamillothalamic tract

50
Q

synaptic station composed of varying structures that regulate and generate emotions and memory acquisitions

A

papez circuit

51
Q

included structures in the papez circuit

A

hippocampus; mamillary bodies; anterior thalamic nuclei; cingulate gyrus

52
Q

brain structure that is important for processing memory

A

hippocampus

53
Q

part of the limbic system that is a projection of the anterior nucleus through the anterior limb of the internal capsule

A

cingulum

54
Q

2 parts of the medial thalamic nuclei link to the frontal and temporal bones and the amygdala complex

A

large parvocellular (C) and large magnocellular (R)

55
Q

functions of the large parvocellular (C) and large magnocellular (R)

A

behavior and cognition

56
Q

part of the medial thalamic nuclei playing a role in eye movement

A

small paralaminar

57
Q

the small paralaminar part of the MTN receives input from (2)

A

substantia nigra and frontal lobe

58
Q

part of the lateral thalamic nuclei involved in visual processing

A

pulvinar nuclei

59
Q

function of the ventral anterior

A

initiation and planning of movement

60
Q

the input of the large parvocellular portion of the ventral anterior

A

medial segment of globus pallidus

61
Q

the input of the small magnocellular portion of the ventral anterior

A

reticular portion of substantia nigra

62
Q

common output of the ventral anterior parts of the LTN providing initiation and planning of movement

A

frontal lobe

63
Q

function of the ventral lateral

A

coordination and modulation of motor movement

64
Q

largest part of the ventral lateral

A

pars oralis

65
Q

input of pars oralis

A

ipsilateral segment of globus pallidus

66
Q

input of pars caudalis

A

contralateral cerebellar nuclei

Neurosciences (4 decks)

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