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Neurosciences > Brainstem > Flashcards

Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

structure in the basis of the midbrain containing the descending motor tracts

A

crus cerebri

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2
Q

a lesion in the crus cerebri would cause

A

hemiparesis, hemiplagia, hypertonia

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3
Q

structure in the tegmentum of the midbrain producing DOpamine and inhibiting Neostriatum

A

substantia nigra - pars compacta

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4
Q

structure in the tegmentum of the midbrain producing GABA and inhibiting ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus

A

substantia nigra - pars reticula

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5
Q

pathway responsible for inhibiting neostriatum

A

nigrostriatal pathway

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6
Q

a lesion on the substancia nigra would cause

A

parkinson’s disease, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability

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7
Q

structure in the tegmentum of the midbrain associated with the rubrospinal pathway

A

red nucleus

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8
Q

pathway that facilitates the flexors mainly of the upper ex

A

rubrospinal pathway

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9
Q

a lesion in the red nucleus would cause

A

decerebrate posture: upper and lower ex posture are extended

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10
Q

structure in the tegmentum of the midbrain responsible for eye muscles except the superior oblique and lateral rectus

A

cn3: occulomotor nucleus

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11
Q

structure in the tegmentum of the midbrain responsible for eye muscles except the superior oblique and lateral rectus

A

cn3: oculomotor nucleus

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12
Q

a lesion in the oculomotor nucleus would cause

A

diplopia (double vision) and exotropia (lateral deviation of eyeball)

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13
Q

a structure on the tegmentum of the midbrain responsible for the superior oblique eye muscle

A

CN4: trochlear nucleus

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14
Q

a lesion on the trochlear nucleus would cause

A

diplopia (double vision) and inability to move eyeball down and out

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15
Q

a structure on the tegmentum of the midbrain and is responsible for normal pupillary constriction; parasymp nuclei for CN3

A

edinger-westphal nucleus

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16
Q

a lesion on the edinger-westphal nucleus would cause

A

midriasis (excessive pupillary dilation)

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17
Q

a structure on the tectum of the midbrain responsible for the tectospinal pathway

A

superior colliculi

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18
Q

visual sensation for visual-spinal reflexes

A

tectospinal pathway

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19
Q

a structure on the tectum of the midbrain responsible for hearing sensation

A

inferior colliculi

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20
Q

a vascular structure located on the basis of the pons

A

basilar artery

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21
Q

a structure on the basis of the pons that projects to the cerebellum via the MCP

A

pontine nuclei

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22
Q

a structure on the tegmentum of the pons that contains mixed motor (mastication) and sensory (face) innervations

A

CN5: trigeminal nucleus

23
Q

a lesion on the trigeminal nucleus would cause

A

hemianesthesia, pain on face, paralysis of muscles of mastication

24
Q

a structure on the tegmentum of the pons that provides pure motor innervation to the lateral rectus

A

abducens nucleus

25
Q

a lesion on the abducens nucleus would cause

A

diplopia, esotropia (medial deviation of eyeball)

26
Q

a structure on the tegmentum of the pons for mixed motor (facial expression) and sensory (taste anterior 2/3 of tounge) innervations

A

facial nucleus

27
Q

a lesion on the facial nucleus would cause

A

bell’s palsy (unilateral paralysis) or moebius syndrome (bilateral)

28
Q

a structure on the tegmentum of the pons with pure sensory innervations

A

CN8: vestibulocochlear nucleus

29
Q

a lesion on the vestibulocochlear nerve would cause

A

impaired hearing and balance

30
Q

a structure on the tectum of the pons serving as the roof of the IV ventricle

A

superior medullary velum

31
Q

other names for the posterior lobe of the cerebellum

A

neocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum

32
Q

other names for the anterior lobe of the cerebellum

A

paleocerebellum, spinocerebellum

33
Q

other names for the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum

A

archicerebellum, vestibulocerebellum

34
Q

structure found on the neocerebellum responsible for coordination; the dentothalmic pathway

A

dentate nucleus

35
Q

a lesion found on the dentate nucleus would cause

A

loss of coordination (dysdiadochokinesia), intention tremors

36
Q

structures found on the paleocerebellum that functions for tone; interposed-rubral pathway: to the red nucleus of midbrain

A

emboliform nucleus and globose nucleus

37
Q

a lesion on the interposed nucleus (emboliform and globose) would cause

A

hypotonia (loss of tone)

38
Q

a structure on the archicerebellum responsible for equilibrium and posture; fastigial-vestibular and fastigial-reticular pathway

A

fastigial nucleus

39
Q

a lesion in the fastigial nucleus would cause

A

truncal ataxia (loss of equilibrium) and gait problems

40
Q

a structure on the basis of the medulla containing the corticospinal tracts

A

pyramids

41
Q

a lesion on the pyramids would cause

A

hemiparesis, hemiplagia, hypertonia

42
Q

a structure on the basis of the medulla containing the inferior olivary nuclei

A

olives

43
Q

a structure on the basis of the medulla that is the continuation of the pontine nuclei from the pons

A

arcuate nuclei

44
Q

a structure on the tegmentum of the medulla which is a relay nucleus for information among parts of the brain

A

inferior olivary nucleus

45
Q

structures on the tegmentum of the medulla with mixed sensory and motor innervations

A

CN9 - glossopharyngeal and CN10 - vagus nuclei

46
Q

a lesion on the glossopharyngeal and vagus nuclei would cause

A

impaired gag reflex, uvula pulled to good side

47
Q

a structure on the tegmentum of the medulla that provides pure motor innervation to the SCM and trapezius muscles

A

CN11: accessory nucleus

48
Q

a lesion in the accessory nuclei would cause

A

drooping of the shoulder on the ipsilateral side and turning of the head toward the contralateral side

49
Q

a structure on the tegmentum of the medulla that supplies pure motor innervation to the tongue muscles

A

CN12: hypoglossal nucleus

50
Q

a lesion to the central side of the hypoglossal nucleus (supranuclear) would cause

A

deviation of the tongue away from lesion (contralateral)

51
Q

a lesion to the peripheral side of the hypoglossal nucleus (nuclear/cranial nerve) would cause

A

deviation of the tongue toward the affected side

52
Q

a structure on the tegmentum of the medulla that provides proprioception and discriminative touch to the lower extremity

A

nucleus gracilis

53
Q

a structure on the tegmentum of the medulla that provides proprioception and discriminative touch to the upper extremity

A

nucleus cuneatus

54
Q

a structure on the tectum of the medulla that serves as the lower roof of the IV ventricle

A

inferior medullary vellum

Neurosciences (4 decks)

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