Brainstem

Question 1

structure in the basis of the midbrain containing the descending motor tracts

Answer 1

crus cerebri

Question 2

a lesion in the crus cerebri would cause

Answer 2

hemiparesis, hemiplagia, hypertonia

Question 3

structure in the tegmentum of the midbrain producing DOpamine and inhibiting Neostriatum

Answer 3

substantia nigra - pars compacta

Question 4

structure in the tegmentum of the midbrain producing GABA and inhibiting ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus

Answer 4

substantia nigra - pars reticula

Question 5

pathway responsible for inhibiting neostriatum

Answer 5

nigrostriatal pathway

Question 6

a lesion on the substancia nigra would cause

Answer 6

parkinson’s disease, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability

Question 7

structure in the tegmentum of the midbrain associated with the rubrospinal pathway

Answer 7

red nucleus

Question 8

pathway that facilitates the flexors mainly of the upper ex

Answer 8

rubrospinal pathway

Question 9

a lesion in the red nucleus would cause

Answer 9

decerebrate posture: upper and lower ex posture are extended

Question 10

structure in the tegmentum of the midbrain responsible for eye muscles except the superior oblique and lateral rectus

Answer 10

cn3: occulomotor nucleus

Question 11

structure in the tegmentum of the midbrain responsible for eye muscles except the superior oblique and lateral rectus

Answer 11

cn3: oculomotor nucleus

Question 12

a lesion in the oculomotor nucleus would cause

Answer 12

diplopia (double vision) and exotropia (lateral deviation of eyeball)

Question 13

a structure on the tegmentum of the midbrain responsible for the superior oblique eye muscle

Answer 13

CN4: trochlear nucleus

Question 14

a lesion on the trochlear nucleus would cause

Answer 14

diplopia (double vision) and inability to move eyeball down and out

Question 15

a structure on the tegmentum of the midbrain and is responsible for normal pupillary constriction; parasymp nuclei for CN3

Answer 15

edinger-westphal nucleus

Question 16

a lesion on the edinger-westphal nucleus would cause

Answer 16

midriasis (excessive pupillary dilation)

Question 17

a structure on the tectum of the midbrain responsible for the tectospinal pathway

Answer 17

superior colliculi

Question 18

visual sensation for visual-spinal reflexes

Answer 18

tectospinal pathway

Question 19

a structure on the tectum of the midbrain responsible for hearing sensation

Answer 19

inferior colliculi

Question 20

a vascular structure located on the basis of the pons

Answer 20

basilar artery

Question 21

a structure on the basis of the pons that projects to the cerebellum via the MCP

Answer 21

pontine nuclei

Question 22

a structure on the tegmentum of the pons that contains mixed motor (mastication) and sensory (face) innervations

Answer 22

CN5: trigeminal nucleus

Question 23

a lesion on the trigeminal nucleus would cause

Answer 23

hemianesthesia, pain on face, paralysis of muscles of mastication

Question 24

a structure on the tegmentum of the pons that provides pure motor innervation to the lateral rectus

Answer 24

abducens nucleus

Question 25

a lesion on the abducens nucleus would cause

Answer 25

diplopia, esotropia (medial deviation of eyeball)

Question 26

a structure on the tegmentum of the pons for mixed motor (facial expression) and sensory (taste anterior 2/3 of tounge) innervations

Answer 26

facial nucleus

Question 27

a lesion on the facial nucleus would cause

Answer 27

bell's palsy (unilateral paralysis) or moebius syndrome (bilateral)

Question 28

a structure on the tegmentum of the pons with pure sensory innervations

Answer 28

CN8: vestibulocochlear nucleus

Question 29

a lesion on the vestibulocochlear nerve would cause

Answer 29

impaired hearing and balance

Question 30

a structure on the tectum of the pons serving as the roof of the IV ventricle

Answer 30

superior medullary velum

Question 31

other names for the posterior lobe of the cerebellum

Answer 31

neocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum

Question 32

other names for the anterior lobe of the cerebellum

Answer 32

paleocerebellum, spinocerebellum

Question 33

other names for the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum

Answer 33

archicerebellum, vestibulocerebellum

Question 34

structure found on the neocerebellum responsible for coordination; the dentothalmic pathway

Answer 34

dentate nucleus

Question 35

a lesion found on the dentate nucleus would cause

Answer 35

loss of coordination (dysdiadochokinesia), intention tremors

Question 36

structures found on the paleocerebellum that functions for tone; interposed-rubral pathway: to the red nucleus of midbrain

Answer 36

emboliform nucleus and globose nucleus

Question 37

a lesion on the interposed nucleus (emboliform and globose) would cause

Answer 37

hypotonia (loss of tone)

Question 38

a structure on the archicerebellum responsible for equilibrium and posture; fastigial-vestibular and fastigial-reticular pathway

Answer 38

fastigial nucleus

Question 39

a lesion in the fastigial nucleus would cause

Answer 39

truncal ataxia (loss of equilibrium) and gait problems

Question 40

a structure on the basis of the medulla containing the corticospinal tracts

Answer 40

pyramids

Question 41

a lesion on the pyramids would cause

Answer 41

hemiparesis, hemiplagia, hypertonia

Question 42

a structure on the basis of the medulla containing the inferior olivary nuclei

Answer 42

olives

Question 43

a structure on the basis of the medulla that is the continuation of the pontine nuclei from the pons

Answer 43

arcuate nuclei

Question 44

a structure on the tegmentum of the medulla which is a relay nucleus for information among parts of the brain

Answer 44

inferior olivary nucleus

Question 45

structures on the tegmentum of the medulla with mixed sensory and motor innervations

Answer 45

CN9 - glossopharyngeal and CN10 - vagus nuclei

Question 46

a lesion on the glossopharyngeal and vagus nuclei would cause

Answer 46

impaired gag reflex, uvula pulled to good side

Question 47

a structure on the tegmentum of the medulla that provides pure motor innervation to the SCM and trapezius muscles

Answer 47

CN11: accessory nucleus

Question 48

a lesion in the accessory nuclei would cause

Answer 48

drooping of the shoulder on the ipsilateral side and turning of the head toward the contralateral side

Question 49

a structure on the tegmentum of the medulla that supplies pure motor innervation to the tongue muscles

Answer 49

CN12: hypoglossal nucleus

Question 50

a lesion to the central side of the hypoglossal nucleus (supranuclear) would cause

Answer 50

deviation of the tongue away from lesion (contralateral)

Question 51

a lesion to the peripheral side of the hypoglossal nucleus (nuclear/cranial nerve) would cause

Answer 51

deviation of the tongue toward the affected side

Question 52

a structure on the tegmentum of the medulla that provides proprioception and discriminative touch to the lower extremity

Answer 52

nucleus gracilis

Question 53

a structure on the tegmentum of the medulla that provides proprioception and discriminative touch to the upper extremity

Answer 53

nucleus cuneatus

Question 54

a structure on the tectum of the medulla that serves as the lower roof of the IV ventricle

Answer 54

inferior medullary vellum