POMO Flashcards
POMO vs MARX
- Working class males/rebellion against capitalism (most important factor = class)
- POMO = class is irrelevant
Why is POMO different to FUNC or MARX?
- Bennett and Heatherington suggest class, ethnicity, gender = irrelevant
- Reject traditional ways of society (reject meta narratives - ‘big story’)
- Marx = class
How does Sarah Thornton criticise Marxist explanations for the formation of subculture?
Class is irrelevant because most youth cultures are media generated and Marxism ignores this
What does Lyotard say?
- Meta narratives are in decline because of the victory of capitalism over prediction of Marxism
- Rather than rebelling, young people have embraced consumer culture (e.g. phones)
What does Lyotard mean by ‘victory of capitalism’?
Youth do not care for each other as Marxists believed instead, paying into consumerism
(buying stuff instead of helping each other)
What does Fragmented mean?
YC have become increasingly fragmented
= Connections have been divided/broken up e.g. language, race, income (class), gender
Why do POMO criticise the CCCS?
As many subcultures have people from both working class and middle class backgrounds
Why do POMO argue class, gender and ethnicity are no longer important?
People have developed their own sense of style, spectacular subcultures (punks, skinheads) are a thing of the past
What does Heatherington argue?
Fashion/music styles are too ‘bitty’ to be described as subcultures, it is too fragmented
What does Willis claim?
Too much diversity that there is no single type of YC/SC
youth don’t want to conform as they have more induvalistic tastes than people from the past
Ravers
Researched by Manchester institute of popular culture
- Critisised CCCS for concentrating too much on W/C
- YS aren’t created to resist capitalism/a response to urban decay
- Ravers worked during week/partied during weekend
- MIPC = ‘Student leisure based lifestyle for wage earners’
- Reputation for drug use = ecstacy
Why did Thornton agree with MIPC?
- Class/gender isn’t important (ravers came from all classes/genders)
- Not close knit groups (only together for certain events/only part of their life)
- CAGE = not important
What did Maffesoli argue?
’ People no longer identify with a single YC but may belong to a number and switch’ = Tribalisation
How did Bennett develop Maffesoli’s theory?
- Youth subculture no longer suited the fluid style of the postmodern world (neo-tribes) = loose grouping of people with similar tastes/consumer choices
- Argues that sc today are pluralistic (diverse)/shifting
What did Polhemus say about the supermarket of style?
- Young people pick and choose their identity
- PM argue that style = important
- Incorporation rather than bricolage
- Globalisation & supermarket of style
