Masculinity

Question 1

Females criticise functionalist/Marxist perspectives for being…

Answer 1

Malestream

Question 2

What is exaggerated masculinity

Answer 2

Excessively agressive and sexualised male behaviour

E.g. Skinheads - Clarke

Question 3

Greer

Answer 3

Feminist

• Sees aggressively masculine behaviour as being a problem for society as it leads to major social problems and lawlessness

Question 4

Barbara Ehrenreich

Answer 4

Beat Culture

• Opportunity for male bonding
• Females unwelcome

Question 5

Furlong and Cartmel

Answer 5

• Women are still unwelcome in certain groups
• E.g. shooting gaming
• Where women are portrayed in a sexual manner

Question 6

Connell

Answer 6

• Argues there has been a neglect of male issues
• Suicide is the biggest killer of men under 45
• 95% of prison population male
• White males from W/C areas are most likely to leave education without any qualifications

Question 7

Connell - British men were socialised into hegemonic masculinity, meaning?

Answer 7

• When socially powerful people use their influence to convince others to follow their way of thinking
• Hegemony = dominant ideology

Question 8

The main role of men were…

Answer 8

• Financial providers
• Authority figure
• Disciplinarians

Question 9

Young men were expected to be…

Answer 9

• Agressive
• Risk taking
• Ambition
• Individualism

Question 10

What were young men not expected to do?

Answer 10

Participate in any domestic work or express their emotions

Question 11

Connell’s 3 types of masculinity

Answer 11

1) Complicit masculinity
2) Subordinate masculinity
3) Marginalised masculinity

Question 12

Complicit masculinity

Answer 12

• Also known as - new man or metrosexual
• Refers to men who believe that men/women should share roles in society
• Believe differences between gender roles are disappearing
• A new man has emerged, feminine/emotional and feelings

Question 13

Subordinate masculinity

Answer 13

• Refers to homosexual men

- Great acceptance but still remains a subordinate stigmatised identity

Question 14

Marginalised masculinity

Answer 14

• Traditional masculine identity is in decline
• W/C men can see a decline in manual work
• Large scale unemployment
• Women are taking new jobs

Question 15

Bennett and Willis point out gender convergence in modern YC, meaning?

Answer 15

• Traditional masculine identity is in decline
• W/C men can see a decline in manual work
• Large scale unemployment
• Women are taking new jobs

Question 16

Mac an Ghail

Answer 16

Crisis of masculinity

Question 17

Explain how the crisis of masculinity is developed

Answer 17

• Education isn’t important to men (jobs easily available)
• Factories/mines take a huge number of W/C men
• Womens jobs: typically secretary
• Factories/mines shut down (globalisation)
• Education becomes more important
• Roles available all involve office work
• Crisis of Masculinity caused when men no longer know their place in society