pom-rbc disorders

Question 1

polycythemia-

Answer 1

myeloproliferative disorder leading to overproduction of rbc- polycythemia vera

Question 2

primary cause of polycethemia

Answer 2

ideopathic- 10M/mm

cyanosis secondary to decreaesed blood flow/stasis

Question 3

secondary cause

Answer 3

drugs, high altitude, chronic smoker

Question 4

anemia-

Answer 4

reduction in o2 carrying capcity of blood resulting from a decreased amount of hemoglobin

Question 5

labs to look at that include rbc

Answer 5

hematocrit, hemoglobin, rbc count

Question 6

reticulocyte

Answer 6

immature rbc

Question 7

narrowing down diagnosis of anemia- reduce the diag by these lab result

Answer 7

low eticulocyte count (hypoproliferative anemia), speriopheral blood smear shows sickel cells, spherocytes, schistocytes

Question 8

elevated reticulocyte count in pt with anemia indicates

Answer 8

acute blood loss, peripheral rbc destruction

Question 9

types of hypoprolierative anemia

Answer 9

macrocytic, microcytic-hypochromic,normochromic-chormocytic

Question 10

macrocytic hypoprolierative anemia cuased by

Answer 10

vit b12, folar def

Question 11

microcytic - hypochromic hypoprolif anemia caused by

Answer 11

iron def, thalassemia

Question 12

normochromic/normocytic hypoproliferative anemia caused by

Answer 12

secondary anemia, marrow aplasia

Question 13

hemolytic anemai- 4 types

Answer 13

immune hemolysis, mechanical hemolysis, sickel cell anemia, g6pd deficiency

Question 14

b12 def- what is b12 for?

Answer 14

dna synth

Question 15

poikilocytes

Answer 15

seen in b12 def, - large cells with small immature nuclei

Question 16

cuases of b12 def- 4

Answer 16

pernicious anemia, gi bac overgrowth, loss of ideal fxn, vegetraian diet

Question 17

what tests to do do diag b12 def

Answer 17

meausre serum b12, peripheral blood film, elevated ldh, plasma bilirubin, iron, schilling test

Question 18

schilling test-

Answer 18

test dose of b12 is administern, then intestinal absoprtion is measured

Question 19

b12 deficiency can lead to this nerve problem

Answer 19

demylination of peripheral nerves- leads to megaloblasitic madness, glossodynia

Question 20

pernicious anemia is assoc with

Answer 20

atrophic gastritis

Question 21

poor vit b12 in pernicous anemia bc of loss of

Answer 21

intrinsic factor

Question 22

what do you see in the labs for pernicious anemia

Answer 22

macrocytic  or normocytic cells on smear
elevated mcv and mch while normal mchc
large platelets, hypersegmented pmns
serum levels
schilling test

Question 23

folate deficiency

Answer 23

just take supplement, no big deal

Question 24

iron deficiency is a ? type anemia

Answer 24

micro

Question 25

clinical features of iron def

Answer 25

parasthesia, glositis, angular chelitis, pallor

Question 26

iron def diag

Answer 26

microcytiic hypochromic anemia on blood film, rbc incices- mcv, mch, mchc iron and ferrin conc

Question 27

how to tx iron def

Answer 27

give iron- can give orally but tast e bad but do first

Question 28

thalessemia

Answer 28

decreased sytn of globin chains

Question 29

major thalassemia

Answer 29

homozynous

Question 30

minor thalassemia

Answer 30

heterozygous

Question 31

rbc count in minor thal

Answer 31

> 5.5 million/ml

Question 32

are iron stores normal in mild thalassemia

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

what is normochromic-normocytic anemia usually from?

Answer 33

secondary anemia to chronic inflamm state or uremia- renal failure, or marrow aplasia,

Question 34

aplastic anemia

Answer 34

bone marrow failure- mno blood cells

Question 35

fanconi’s anemia

Answer 35

aplastic anemia, childhood, rare auo recessive, can cause oral cancer, risk of infection

Question 36

in hemolytic anemia you see

Answer 36

decreased hemoglobin- bone marrow can’t keep up with what is being lysed

Question 37

immune hemolysis

Answer 37

warm igg reacting anti rbc ag- detect with coombs test

Question 38

mechanical hemolysis

Answer 38

lysis is caused by prosth heart valvue, malignatnt hypertension, disseminated intravstular coag, thrombotic thromccytopenia purpura

Question 39

blood film in mechanical hemolysis shows:

Answer 39

schistocytes, and other rbc fragments

Question 40

sickel cell anemia

Answer 40

altered hbg, auto recessive, betwa chain hemoglobin

Question 41

problems in pt with sickel anemia

Answer 41

consequnces of tissue infaction, recurrent sickel crisis

Question 42

g6pd deficiency

Answer 42

x-linked, most common metab disorder of rbcs

Question 43

2 forms of g6pd def

Answer 43

a form, mediterranean type (acute and fatal)

Question 44

action of g6pd

Answer 44

protect rbc from oxidative damage by main intracellular nadpa

Question 45

clinical signs of hemolytic anemia

Answer 45

pallor of oral tissue, jaundice, koilonychia, atrophy of tongue, esophageal stricture, dyspaha, increased trabeculation

Question 46

sickel cell anemia- clinical signs

Answer 46

hair on end lateral ceph, ladder like appears of alveolar bone, increased trabeculation, hypoplasia of dentision, dense lamina dura, area of scleroisis, thickend diploe on skull films shows hari on end

Question 47

clinical signs of thalessemia

Answer 47

chipmunk face, hair on end, nerve palsies, discoloration of teeth

Question 48

clinical signs of b12 and pernicious anemia

Answer 48

neuro manif, skin pigmentation, systolic murmur, tonue atrophy and glossodynia, dyspha and taste alteration

Question 49

folic acid signs

Answer 49

neural tube defect, pharyntis, uclertive stomatistis, angular chelitis

Question 50

aplastic anemia signs

Answer 50

bornw skin, mental and sexual retard, oral petichia, gingival hypertrophy, spontaneous gingival hemorrhage, increased herpetic leasions