Polymers and Life - Isomerism and Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
what is a saturated compound?
hydrocarbons that contain the maximum amount of hydrogens possible with no double or triple bonds
what is an aromatic compound?
a compound that contains one or more benzene rings
what is an aliphatic compound?
compounds that do not contain any benzene rings
what is a homologous series?
a series of compounds that all contain the same functional group
what is a functional group?
modifers that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of molecules
what is the structure of phenol?
an OH group attached to a benzene ring
what is an isomer?
compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangements of atoms
what is structural isomerism?
when the atoms are bonded together in a different order
what is stereo isomerism?
order of bonding of atoms is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different
what are the types of structural isomerism?
chain isomerism
position isomerism
functional group isomerism
what is chain isomerism?
when the arrangement of carbon chains and side chains is different
what is position isomerism?
when the functional group is in a different position in the molecule
what is functional group isomerism?
when there are different functional groups in the molecule
what are the types of stereoisomerism?
geometric isomerism
optical isomerism
what is a carbonyl compound?
C = O
what is an acyl compound?
R - C = O
what is the functional group for aldehydes?
what is the functional group for ketones?
how are molecules with two carboxyl groups named?
ending -dioic
what is the structure of benzoic acids?
how are esters named, using ethyl ethanoate as an example
named after the alcohol and acid that it is formed from
acid part ends it -oate
ethyl ethanoate is formed from ethanol and ethanoic acid
what is the equation for carboxylic acid dissociation?
R-COOH ⇔ R-COO- + H+
what is the strength of carboxylic acid?
it is a weak acid
why is carboxylic acid a weak acid?
only a small proportion of the carboxylic acid molecules will dissociate
what is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with a carbonate?
carbon dioxide, water and an ethanoate salt
what happens when an alcohol or a phenol reacts with a carbonate compared to carboxylic acids?
carboxylic acids - solution will fizz
alcohol and phenol - will not fizz
what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with universal indicator?
it will turn the universal indicator orange
what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with magnesium?
magnesium ethanoate produced
hydrogen given off
what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?
sodium ethanoate is produced as well as CO2 and H20
what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate?
sodium acetate, carbon dioxide and water produced
what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate?
calcium ethanoate solution produced
carbon dioxide released
what happens when carboxylic acids react with metals?
redox reaction
produces a salt and hydrogen gas
what happens when carboxylic acids react with alkalis?
acid-base neutralisation reaction
produces salt + water
what happens when carboxylic acids react with carbonates?
acid-base reaction
produces salt, water and carbon dioxide
how are esters formed?
condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
reversible reaction, usually under reflux and with a catalyst
what is the reverse reaction of esterfication?
hydrolysis of an ester into a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
