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Chemistry A2 > Polymers and Life - Isomerism and Carboxylic Acids > Flashcards

Polymers and Life - Isomerism and Carboxylic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

what is a saturated compound?

A

hydrocarbons that contain the maximum amount of hydrogens possible with no double or triple bonds

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2
Q

what is an aromatic compound?

A

a compound that contains one or more benzene rings

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3
Q

what is an aliphatic compound?

A

compounds that do not contain any benzene rings

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4
Q

what is a homologous series?

A

a series of compounds that all contain the same functional group

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5
Q

what is a functional group?

A

modifers that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of molecules

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6
Q

what is the structure of phenol?

A

an OH group attached to a benzene ring

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7
Q

what is an isomer?

A

compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangements of atoms

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8
Q

what is structural isomerism?

A

when the atoms are bonded together in a different order

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9
Q

what is stereo isomerism?

A

order of bonding of atoms is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different

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10
Q

what are the types of structural isomerism?

A

chain isomerism

position isomerism

functional group isomerism

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11
Q

what is chain isomerism?

A

when the arrangement of carbon chains and side chains is different

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12
Q

what is position isomerism?

A

when the functional group is in a different position in the molecule

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13
Q

what is functional group isomerism?

A

when there are different functional groups in the molecule

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14
Q

what are the types of stereoisomerism?

A

geometric isomerism

optical isomerism

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15
Q

what is a carbonyl compound?

A

C = O

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16
Q

what is an acyl compound?

A

R - C = O

17
Q
A
18
Q

what is the functional group for aldehydes?

A
19
Q

what is the functional group for ketones?

A
22
Q

how are molecules with two carboxyl groups named?

A

ending -dioic

23
Q

what is the structure of benzoic acids?

A
25
Q

how are esters named, using ethyl ethanoate as an example

A

named after the alcohol and acid that it is formed from

acid part ends it -oate

ethyl ethanoate is formed from ethanol and ethanoic acid

26
Q

what is the equation for carboxylic acid dissociation?

A

R-COOH ⇔ R-COO- + H+

27
Q

what is the strength of carboxylic acid?

A

it is a weak acid

28
Q

why is carboxylic acid a weak acid?

A

only a small proportion of the carboxylic acid molecules will dissociate

29
Q

what is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with a carbonate?

A

carbon dioxide, water and an ethanoate salt

30
Q

what happens when an alcohol or a phenol reacts with a carbonate compared to carboxylic acids?

A

carboxylic acids - solution will fizz

alcohol and phenol - will not fizz

31
Q

what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with universal indicator?

A

it will turn the universal indicator orange

32
Q

what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with magnesium?

A

magnesium ethanoate produced

hydrogen given off

33
Q

what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

A

sodium ethanoate is produced as well as CO2 and H20

34
Q

what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate?

A

sodium acetate, carbon dioxide and water produced

35
Q

what happens when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate?

A

calcium ethanoate solution produced

carbon dioxide released

36
Q

what happens when carboxylic acids react with metals?

A

redox reaction

produces a salt and hydrogen gas

37
Q

what happens when carboxylic acids react with alkalis?

A

acid-base neutralisation reaction

produces salt + water

38
Q

what happens when carboxylic acids react with carbonates?

A

acid-base reaction

produces salt, water and carbon dioxide

39
Q

how are esters formed?

A

condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

reversible reaction, usually under reflux and with a catalyst

40
Q

what is the reverse reaction of esterfication?

A

hydrolysis of an ester into a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

Chemistry A2 (20 decks)

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