Developing Metals - Complex Ions Flashcards
what is a complex?
a central metal ion surrounded by a number of negative ions or neutral molecules with a lone pair
what is a ligand?
the surrounding molecules around a metal ion in a complex
what is the coordination number of a complex?
the number of bonds from the central ion to the ligands
how are complex ions named?
no. ligand, name of ligand, metal, oxidation state
what are examples of common ligands?
carboxylic acids
cyanide ions
ammonia
water
hydroxide
halides
1,2-diaminoethane
what is a monodentate ligand?
where each ligand forms 1 dative covalent bond with the central ion
what is a bidentate ligand?
where each ligand forms 2 dative covalent bonds with the central ion
what is an example of a bidentate ligand?
1,2-diaminoethane
what is ligand exchange?
substituting some of the ligands in a complex
what is the colour of a complex ion dependent on?
the size of the splitting of the d-orbital
arrangement of ligands around the complex
type of ligands
how does the splitting of d-orbitals determine the colour of a complex ion?
splitting results in different electron density and different arrangement of electrons within the ion
affects the photon of light emitted when the electrons are excited to a higher energy level
different colour is produced
how does the arrangement of ligands around a complex affect the colour?
affects the splitting of the d-orbital as different arrangements attract electrons in different directions
how does the type of ligand affect the colour of a complex ion?
different ligands affect the electrons in the d-orbital in different ways
eg ammonia ligands split the orbital more than water
what shape will a complex with a coordination number of 6 have?
octahedral
what shape will a complex with a coordination of 4 have?
tetrahedral
sometimes square planar
