Chemical Industry - Sustainability

Question 1

what are feedstocks?

Answer 1

the reactants that go into a chemical process

Question 2

what are raw materials?

Answer 2

the materials that feedstocks are made from

Question 3

how are gases and liquids transferred?

Answer 3

in pipes

Question 4

how are solids transported?

Answer 4

melted and transported as hot liquids

mix in liquid to form a slurry then transported through pipelines

Question 5

what is a co-product?

Answer 5

a useful secondary product of a reaction

Question 6

what are by-products?

Answer 6

an unwanted secondary product

Question 7

what are the major costs in chemical processes?

Answer 7

research

development

plant design

construction

Question 8

what are the 2 forms of production costs?

Answer 8

fixed costs

variable costs

Question 9

what are fixed costs?

Answer 9

those incurred by the company eg labour, construction

Question 10

what are variable costs?

Answer 10

costs of feedstocks/raw materials

Question 11

what is green chemistry?

Answer 11

aim to produce minimum waste and minimise the impact on the environment

Question 12

how can thermal energy be conserved?

Answer 12

by using heat exchangers

Question 13

what is a hazard?

Answer 13

The potential that a hazadrous substance has to cause harm

Question 14

what is a risk?

Answer 14

The liklihood the hazardous substance will cause harm under the conditions of its use

Question 15

what is the risk of flammable gases?

Answer 15

explosions or fires

Question 16

how is the risk of flammable gases controlled?

Answer 16

storing in flameproof, pressurised containers

Question 17

what is the risk of acidic gases?

Answer 17

burns

Question 18

how can the risk of acidic gases be controlled?

Answer 18

neutralise by passing through a scrubber containing alkaline

regular checks for leaks

Question 19

how can the risk of toxic emissions be reduced?

Answer 19

ensure all personell familiar with evacuation procedure