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A Level DT > Polymers > Flashcards

Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

What is a thermoforming polymer?

A

a polymer that does not resist heat well and can be recycled by heating, melting and reforming

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2
Q

Name 9 thermoforming polymers?

A

PMMA, HDPE, PET, HIPS, PVC, PP, LDPE, Nylon, ABS

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3
Q

PMMA

A

acrylic-hard, stiff and brittle. Used in bath tubs, shop signage and displays and car light units

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4
Q

HDPE

A

high-density polyethylene-light, stiff and strong. Used in washing-up bowls, buckets, bottles and pipes

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5
Q

PET

A

polyethylene terephthalate-light, strong and tough. Used in drink bottles and food packaging

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6
Q

HIPS

A

high impact polystyrene-hard and rigid. Used for vacuum forming and fabricating

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7
Q

PVC

A

polyvinyl chloride-durable, can be rigid or flexible. Used for window frames, pipes and guttering

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8
Q

PP

A

polypropylene-tough, flexible and good heat and chemical resistance. Used for medical equipment, food packaging film and toys

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9
Q

What is a thermosetting polymer?

A

a plastic that resists heat and fire and therefore is not recyclable as it cannot be melted and reshaped again

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10
Q

Name 5 thermosetting polymers?

A

ER, UF, MF, PF, PR

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11
Q

ER

A

epoxy resin-good electrical insulator and durable. Used for circuit boards and adhesives

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12
Q

UF

A

urea formaldehyde-stiff and hard and good electrical insulator. Used for plug sockets and cupboard handles

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13
Q

MF

A

melamine formaldehyde-strong and scratch resistant. Used to laminate chipboard and for plates and bowls

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14
Q

PF

A

phenol formaldehyde-hard, heat resistant, good electrical insulator and easily moulded. Used for electrical fittings, saucepan handles and bowling balls.

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15
Q

PR

A

polyester resin-hard and stiff. Added to glass fibres to form glass-reinforced plastic for kayaks. Waterproof so used in shower stalls and garden furniture.

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16
Q

Name 6 polymer additives?

A

plasticisers, pigments, stabilisers, fillers, flame retardants, biodegradable

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17
Q

plasticisers make a polymer…

A

soft and flexible (often PVC)

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18
Q

what do pigments do to polymers?

A

change the colour

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19
Q

stabilisers make a polymer…

A

withstand UV light damage *(outdoor products)

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20
Q

what do fillers do to polymers?

A

increase the bulk, improve its impact resistance

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21
Q

Properties of LDPE?

A

Very tough
Good chemical resistance
Weatherproof
Available in translucent
Low rigidity

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22
Q

Uses of LDPE?

A

Soap bottles
Carrier bags
Bin liners
Food wrap film
General packaging

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23
Q

Properties of ABS?

A

Extremely tough
Hard
Available in opaque

24
Q

Uses of ABS?

A

Computer housings
Rigid luggage
Domestic appliances

25
Q

Properties of nylon?

A

Tough
Corrosion resistant
Temperature resistant
Low coefficient of friction

26
Q

Uses of nylon?

A

Textiles
Cable ties
Curtain rails

27
Q

What are elastomers?

A

Polymers with good elasticity-they can be distorted under a force but will return to their original shape when the force is removed

28
Q

What are the 2 categories of elastomers?

A

Thermoforming
Thermosetting

29
Q

Properties of natural rubber?

A

High tensile strength
Low elongation
Good hardness compared to other elastomers
Tough
Electrical insulator
Good cold resistance

30
Q

Uses of natural rubber?

A

Tyres
Hoses
Balloons
Footwear

31
Q

Properties of Butadiene rubber (BR)?

A

Tough
Excellent wear resistance against friction
Good thermal resistance against friction
Electrical insulator

32
Q

Uses of Butadiene rubber (BR)?

A

Vehicle tyres
Shoe soles
Conveyer belts
Water hoses

33
Q

Properties of neoprene?

A

Good thermal resistance
Tough
Good oil and chemical resistance
Excellent weather resistance
Good abrasion resistance
Electrical insulator

34
Q

Uses of neoprene?

A

Wetsuits
Laptop cases
Wire insulation
Door seals
Shock absorber seals

35
Q

Properties of silicone?

A

Good flexibility at low temperatures
Poor abrasion resistance
Good thermal resistance and resistance to extreme temperature
Good lubricating properties
Electrical insulator

36
Q

Uses of silicone?

A

Ice cube trays
Cooking utensils
Refrigerator seals
Machinery lubricant
Sealants

37
Q

What are biopolymers?

A

Polymers produced from natural and renewable resources

38
Q

What is a photodegradable polymer?

A

One that breaks down in the presence of UV light

39
Q

What is an oxydegradable polymer?

A

One that breaks down in the presence of oxygen

40
Q

What is a hydrodegradable polymer?

A

One that breaks down in the presence of water

41
Q

Give examples of some biopolymers

A

Potatopak
PLA
Corn starch polymer
Lactose (PLA and cellulose based)

42
Q

How is lactide broken down?

A

It’s water soluble

43
Q

Name some different degradable polymer additives

A

Oxy-degradable additive
Photodegradable additive
Hydro-degradable additive

44
Q

Give an example use of oxy-degradable additive

A

LDPE carrier bags which results in the carrier bag breaking down into small confetti shapes and then into a powder

45
Q

Give an example use of photodegradable additive

A

In the agricultural industry where the ground is covered by a polymer sheet

46
Q

Give an example use of photodegradable additive

A

In the agricultural industry where the ground is covered by a polymer sheet

47
Q

Give an example use of hydrodegradable polymer

A

Liquid detergent sachets
Large scale laundry bags

48
Q

Give some implications of biopolymers and biodegradable polymers

A

Biodegradable polymers can products methane gas when they decompose in landfill
Biodegradable polymers can take I high temperatures to decompose and leave behind toxic residues
Natural biopolymers need land to grow the material
They can be processed in the same way as thermoplastics

49
Q

Explain properties and uses of corn starch polymer

A

Made from high starch vegetables such as corn, potatoes and maize. Packaging, straws, vending cup, disposable cutlery bags

50
Q

Explain properties and uses of potatopak

A

Made from potato starch. Single use food items such as bowls, cutlery and trays

51
Q

Explain properties and uses of biopol

A

Made from bacteria grown in cultures
Additive to promote degradation
Packaging products like films and carrier bags

52
Q

Explain properties and uses of PLA

A

Made from corn kernels or cane sugar
Fermented to produce lactic acid, then synthesised to produce polylactic acid
Used in 3D printing, packaging, single use bottles

53
Q

Explain properties and uses of lactide

A

Made from bacteria grown in cultures
Fully compostable
Packaging
Slow release medication patches

54
Q

Explain properties and uses of lactide

A

Fully compostable
Water soluble
PLA and cellulose
Detergent washing sachets

55
Q

Explain properties and uses of glycoside

A

Fully compostable
Food film
Agricultural ground sheet
Packaging wrap

56
Q

Name some additives

A

Lubricants
Thermal antioxidants
Pigment
Antistatics
Flame retardants
Plasticisers
Fillers
Antioxidants
UV light stabilisers
Biodegradable plasticisers
Bio-batch additives

A Level DT (16 decks)

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