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A-Level Chemistry > Polyesters & Polyamides > Flashcards

Polyesters & Polyamides Flashcards

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1
Q

What is condensation polymerisation?

A

The joining of monomer to form a long chain of monomers, known as a polymer, with the loss of a small molecule - usually H2O or HCl - 2 different functional groups are required

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2
Q

What is a polyester?

A

A condensation polymer formed when monomers are joined by ester linkages in a long chain

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3
Q

What can polyesters be made from?

A
  • 1 monomer containing both a carboxylic acid and alcohol group
  • 2 monomers, one containing 2 carboxylic acid groups and the other containing 2 alcohol groups
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4
Q

How can a polyester be made from 1 monomer containing 2 functional groups?

A

Lining up the monomers: the -OH is lost off the carboxylic acid group and the -H is lost off the alcohol group.

H2O is taken and an ester group/linkage is made between the the C=O and the -O

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5
Q

What is formed when making a polyester?

A

The polyester (ester linkage) and water

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6
Q

What monomers do you need to form a polyester from 2 different monomers?

A
  • A diol ( 2 alcohol groups)
  • A dicarboxylic acid ( 2 carboxyl groups)
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7
Q

How can a polyester be made from 2 monomers each containing 2 functional groups?

A

Lining up the varying monomers: -OH is taken off the dicarboxylic acid and -H is taken off the diol

Ester linkage forms from the C=O on the dicarboxylic acid and the -O left on the diol

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8
Q

How many waters are made when making a polyester from 2 different monomers?

A

2n - 1

where n is the number of monomers for one of the monomers (n is the same for both monomers)

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9
Q

What is a polyamide?

A

A condensation polymer formed when monomers are joined by amide linkages in a long chain

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10
Q

What can polyamides be formed from?

A
  • 1 monomer containing both a carboxylic acid (or acyl chloride) and an amine group
  • 2 monomers, one containing 2 carboxylic acid (or acyl chloride) groups and the other containing 2 amine groups
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11
Q

What contains both an amine groups and a carboxyl group?

A

Amino acid

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12
Q

What forms when amino acids undergo condensation polymerisation?

A

Polypeptides or proteins

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13
Q

How can a polyamide be made from 1 monomer containing 2 functional groups?

A

Lining the monomers up: -OH is lost off the carboxyl group and -H is lost off the amine group.

An amide linkage is formed from the C=O in the left carboxyl and the -NH in the left amine group. H2O is formed as well.

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14
Q

What monomers do you need to form a polyamide from 2 different monomers?

A
  • A diamine ( 2 amine groups)
  • A dicarboxylic acid ( 2 carboxyl groups) (or an acyl chloride)
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15
Q

How can a polyamide be made from 2 different monomers?

A

Lining the monomers up: -OH is lost off the dicarboxylic acid and -H is lost off the diamine group

An amide linkage is formed from the C=O left from the carboxyl and the -NH left from the diamine. (2n-1) H2O is also formed

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16
Q

What can polyesters & polyamides be hydrolysed by?

A

Hot aqueous alkali (eg NaOH) or hot aqueous acid (eg HCl)

17
Q

What are the reagents of base hydrolysis?

A

NaOH & H2O

18
Q

What are the reagents of acid hydrolysis?

A

H+ & H2O

19
Q

What is formed from the base hydrolysis of a polyester?

A

A carboxylate salt with Na and a diol

20
Q

What is formed from the acid hydrolysis of a polyester?

A

A carboxylic acid and an alcohol

21
Q

BASE HYDROLYSIS
NaOH/ H2O

A
22
Q

ACID HYDROLYSIS
H+ / H2O

A
23
Q

What is formed from the base hydrolysis of a polyamide?

A

A carboxylate salt with Na and a diamine

24
Q

What is formed from the acid hydrolysis of a polyamide?

A

N+H3 chains off the main body where the diamine groups were and a carboxylic acid

25
Q

BASE HYDROLYSIS
NaOH/ H2O

A
26
Q

ACID HYDROLYSIS
H+ / H2O

A
27
Q

Why is the ability for polyesters and polyamides to be hydrolysed a major advantage - specifically over polyalkenes?

A

This makes them biodegradable - when taken to a landfill they break down easily

28
Q

What are the characteristics of addition polymerisation?

A
  • Monomer contains a C=C bond
  • The backbone/main section of the polymer is a continuous chain of carbon atoms
29
Q

What are the characteristics of condensation polymeristaion?

A
  • 2 monomers, each with 2 (of the the same) functional groups OR
  • 1 monomer with 2 different functional groups
  • Polymer contains ester or amide linkage

A-Level Chemistry (42 decks)

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