Acids Flashcards
What do all acids contain?
Hydrogen in their formula
What do all acids do in aqueous solutions?
Release H+ ions
What are the 4 most common acids and their formulas?
- Hydrochloric acid : HCl
- Sulfuric acid : H2SO4
- Nitric acid : HNO3
- Ethanoic acid : CH3COOH
What is a base?
A substance that neutralises an acid to form a salt
What is an alkali?
A base that releases hydroxide ions when is aqueous solution eg. NaOH (s) + aq -> Na + (aq) + OH - (aq)
What are metal oxides and carbonates classed as?
Bases
What are some common alkalis?
- Sodium hydroxide : NaOH
- Potassium hydroxide : KOH
- Ammonia : NH3
What is a strong acid?
An acid that releases all of its hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions and completely dissociates in aqueous solution
eg. HCl (aq) -> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
What is a weak acid>
An acid that only releases a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions - it only partially dissociates in aqueous solution
eg. CH3COOH (aq) <=> H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq)
The <=> indicates that the forward reaction is incomplete
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ->
H2O (l)
Acid + base ->
Salt + water
HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O
Acid + metal ->
Salt + hydrogen
2 HCl (aq) + Zn (s) -> ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Acid + metal oxide ->
salt + water
2HCl (aq) + CaO (s) -> CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)
Acid + metal hydroxide ->
Salt + water
H2SO4 (aq) + Mg(OH)2 (s) -> MgSO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
Acid + metal carbonate ->
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
2HNO3 (aq) + CuCO3 (s) -> Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
How do you prepare a standard solution?
How do you carry out a basic acid-base titration?
