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CHEM - 119 > Polyatomic Ions, Naming Conventions, and more > Flashcards

Polyatomic Ions, Naming Conventions, and more Flashcards

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1
Q

Ammonium cation

A

NH4^(+)

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2
Q

Hydronium cation

A

H3O^(+)

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3
Q

Hydroxide anion

A

OH^(-)

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4
Q

Acetate anion

A

CH3CO2^(-)
OR
C2H3O2^(-)

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5
Q

Cyanide anion

A

CN^(-)

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6
Q

Peroxide anion

A

O2^(2-)

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7
Q

Carbonate anion

A

CO3^(2-)

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8
Q

Nitrate anion

A

NO3^(-)

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9
Q

Phosphate anion

A

PO4^(3-)

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10
Q

Sulfate anion

A

SO4^(2-)

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11
Q

Chlorate anion

A

ClO3^(-)

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12
Q

Bromate anion

A

BrO3^(-)

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13
Q

Iodate anion

A

IO3^(-)

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14
Q

Peroxide anion

A

O2^(2-)

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15
Q

Carbonate anion

A

CO3^(2-)

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16
Q

Nitrate anion

A

NO3^(-)

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17
Q

Phosphate anion

A

PO4^(3-)

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18
Q

Sulfate anion

A

SO4^(2-)

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19
Q

Chlorate anion

A

CLO3^(-)

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20
Q

Bromate anion

A

BrO3^(-)

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21
Q

Iodate anion

A

IO3^(-)

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22
Q

Chromate anion

A

CrO4^(2-)

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23
Q

Permanganate anion

A

MnO4^(-)

24
Q

Chlorite anion

A

ClO2^(-)

25
Q

Hypochlorite anion

A

ClO^(-)

26
Q

H^+ + F^- (acid)

A

HF
hydrofluoric acid

27
Q

H^+ + Cl^- (acid)

A

HCl
hydrochloric acid

28
Q

Naming conventions

A

-ate > -ite (number of oxygens in polyatomic ion)
-ide + Greek number prefixes (covalent)

29
Q

Binary Acid naming convention

A

Contains hydrogen + nonmetal element
[hydro + anion root + -ic] + acid

30
Q

Oxyacid naming convention

A

Contains hydrogen + oxygen + other element (usu. nonmetal)
[oxoanion root + -ic/-ous] + acid
-ic for oxoanion ending in -ate
-ous for oxoanion ending in -ite

31
Q

Alkane naming convention

A

carbon number prefix + -ane

32
Q

Carbon number prefix: 1

A

meth-

33
Q

Carbon number prefix: 2

A

eth-

34
Q

Carbon number prefix: 3

A

prop-

35
Q

Carbon number prefix: 4

A

but-

36
Q

Carbon number prefix: 5

A

pent-

37
Q

Carbon number prefix: 6

A

hex-

38
Q

Carbon number prefix: 7

A

hept-

39
Q

Carbon number prefix: 8

A

oct-

40
Q

Carbon number prefix: 9

A

non-

41
Q

Carbon number prefix: 10

A

dec-

42
Q

Ionic Compounds are

A

atomic cations + atomic anions

43
Q

Ionic Compound naming convention

A

cation name + anion name
*note: no number prefix on cation

44
Q

Oxoanion naming convention

A

[number prefix + hydrogen] + oxoanion name

45
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

Atoms within a pure substance can be represented with fixed whole number ratios.
Ex) In CO, there is 1. g C and 1.33 g O. While in CO2, there is 1. g C and 2.66 g O.
The different masses of O are proportional to each other.

46
Q

Using Law of Multiple Proportions to determine if a substance is a pure substance, using given masses of another pure substance

A

E1 = mass of 1 element in Pure Substance
E2 = mass of another element in substance
m1 = proportion
A1, A2 = E1, E2 masses of another pure substance
m = (E1/E2) * 100g
(A1/A2)100m = number
if number is or can be rounded to a whole number, substance A is a Pure Substance

47
Q

Acids

A

Molecular compounds that release H^+ cations when dissolved in water
Ex) HCl(aq) > H^+(aq) + Cl^-(aq)
Usu. have H (e.g. HF) in front of chemical formula.

48
Q

Bases

A

Substance that releases hydroxide (OH^-) ions when dissolved in water.

49
Q

Hydrates

A

Ionic compound in which one or more water molecules are included per formula unit area of a crystal.
Looks like this:
Ex) Na2CO3*H2O
Note: * (in place to represent multiplication dot)

50
Q

Hydrates: naming and formula

A

Formula:
ionic compound + (#)H2O
Ex) Al2(SO4)36H2O
Name:
name of ionic compound + [# in Greek prefix] + hydrate]
Ex) nickel(II) sulfate pentahydrate*
* not a real example

51
Q

Molecular compounds when dissolved-

A

Break into individual molecules. Molecules are not further broken down.

52
Q

Ionic compounds when dissolved-

A

Break into cations and anions from which they are formed.
Formula unit of ionic compound comes apart.

53
Q

Formal Charge

A

FC = Valence electrons - (non-bonded electrons + bonds)

54
Q

Thiosulfate

A

S2O3^2-

55
Q

Thiocyanate

A

SCN^-

56
Q

Bicarbonate

A

HCO3^-

CHEM - 119 (10 decks)

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