Poly systemic conditions Flashcards

Question

Border disease virus

Answer 1

Clinical signs of polysystemic disease included failure to thrive, respiratory disease, enteritis, neurological signs, and anaemia. These signs could not be distinguished form low-virulence classical swine fever. Diagnosis was made by detection of BDV DNA by PCR on brain and other tissues.

Answer 2

highly infective pestivirus infection of pigs which causes both acute disease and chronic inapparent disease. Notifiable UK eradication in 1967 - 80,000 pigs slaughtered in the 2000 outbreak Spread is mainly directly from pig to pig Heat and acid stable- survives in environment (pig pens for <4weeks, and frozen pork for 1500d, hams for 330d). Virus localises in the tonsil with systemic viraemia within 24 hrs. Clinical signs arise from targeted attack of systemic endothelial cells No treatment effective - slaughter policy

Answer 3

First signs within 10 day of infection. Some sudden deaths especially in young pigs. Many severely depressed with high temperatures - 41.5 - 42.5 C - anorexic and bury themselves in straw. Reluctant to move and may walk with swaying gait. Initially constipated then diarrhoea and vomiting. Ocular discharge with eyelids stuck together. Purple blotchy discolouration of skin especially ventral abdomen and necrosis of ear tips. Nervous signs include circling incoordination, muscle tremors and convulsions.

Answer 4

Seen with low virulence strains of virus. Affected pigs are dull, anorexic and fail to thrive. Areas of skin discolouration and dermatitis may be seen. Pigs susceptible to secondary bacterial infection & glomerulonephritis. Congenital neonatal tremors and reduced reproductive efficiency may be observed.

Answer 5

Usually low virulence strain of virus. Affected sows show mild pyrexia, may abort or produce small litters with mummified piglets. Some piglets born with viraemia. Piglets may show cerebellar hypoplasia and type A1 congenital tremor. Other pigs grow initially but fail to thrive and die before maturity.

Answer 6

Systemic haemorrhagic lymphadenopathy: * Strawberry lymphnodes * Tonsil necrosis Viral vasculitis: * Petechiation and ecchymosis * Skin, kidney, bladder and lung. * Infarcts in spleen * Button ulcers on caecal epithelium Cerebellar hypoplasia: * Congenital tremors

Answer 7

high morbidity and mortality. large icosahedral DNA virus (Iridovirus) which replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Spreads directly between pigs mainly through the respiratory tract. Pigs that survive may be persistently viraemic Infection of URT and gut: ○ Primary viraemia with infection of endothelium and lymphoid cells. ○ Vasculitis and immune complex mediated disease. ○ Surviving pigs are persistent shedders for <46d (inneffective Ab) thrombocytopaenia with widespread ecchymotic haemorrhages. Occasional button ulcers in caecum. No effective treatment or vaccines Notifiable

Answer 8

Pyrexia initially for approx. 4 days then T falls as other signs develop; severe depression, weak hind legs, ocular discharge, diarrhoea and cough. Skin discolouration and ecchymoses. Convulsions and death may follow within a few days. Mortality <100%. Abortion.

Answer 9

Pyrexia, depression - later become emaciated with oedematous swellings over joints. May become enzootic with recovery of some animals.

Answer 10

endemic in parts of the Far East, S. America, Africa, Asia. Major UK outbreak 2001 Aphthovirus which is a member of the Picornaviridae family highly contagious. Morbidity is often 100%. Mortality is lower with 2% adults and 20% young animals dying Spread easily with infection gaining access via the mouth and respiratory systems. Virus establishes in oro-pharynx. Airborne infection Pyrexia with depression and anorexia. Lameness is observed and vesicles develop on snout and coronary band. Hooves may be shed. Vesicles coalesce leaving areas of skin denuded of epithelium. Younger stock more susceptible than adults and some sudden deaths occur. Myocarditis seen at PM in young pigs. No effective treatment - slaughter policy. Notifiable

Answer 11

clinical signs indistinguishable from Foot & Mouth Disease. Pigs usually recover within 2 - 3 weeks. enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family. Spread by direct pig to pig contact and through feeding uncooked pig products. airborne infection does not occur. Short episode of pyrexia (T 41C) and anorexia. Evidence of lameness is then seen with backs arched, reluctance to move – especially on solid surfaces. Vesicles are seen on coronary band and less commonly seen on snout, tongue and lips. Horn of hoof may occasionally shed. Signs normally disappear within 2 - 3 weeks. No treatment effective or necessary Notifiable

Answer 12

Global emergence in Americas (and Asia) since 2002. Anticipate arrival in Europe * Lesions indistinguishable from FMDV and swine vesicular disease. * Not notifiable. * Potential to disrupt supply chains and lead to complacency

Answer 13

Potentially zoonotic. Bacillus anthracis. Large G+, toxigenic, spore-forming Entry via oropharynx and gut (abrasions). Local proliferation and toxin production, occasional septicaemia. Sudden or delayed deaths, or recovery with immunity. Pharyngeal form: pyrexia, upper neck swollen and oedematous, dyspnoeic/dysphagic, non-painful, depression, vomiting, death Enteric form: diarrhoea, dysentery and death. Septicaemic form - sudden death in younger pigs with pulmonary lesions. Notifiable High doses of penicillin for in contacts

Answer 14

Relatively uncommon infectious disease of pigs whose incidence may rise with rising levels of infection in the cattle population. A number of mycobacteria can infect pigs but M avium - intracellulare is the most common in the UK (not notifiable). M bovis affects pigs in some countries and is reported in outdoor production systems in the South West of UK (notifiable).

Answer 15

uncommon in UK Infection by inhalation and ingestion. Organism often settles in the lymph nodes of the head, neck and or mesentery often with no clinical signs. May occasionally ulcerate to skin surface. No treatment

Answer 16

Infection is by ingestion of organism brought by wild or domestic birds or contaminated bedding. Pig to pig transmission can also occur. Often symptomless but infected submandibular / submaxillary or other gut associated lymph nodes found at slaughter Lesions are usually small granulomatous or caseous. Usually no clinical signs but occasional generalised infection with weight loss and diarrhoea. No treatment