Diseases of the skin Flashcards

Question

Greasy pig disease

Answer 1

common Staphylococcus hyicus. This organism has virulent and non – virulent strains. Dermatophilus spp may be involved in some cases. Mostly seen in pigs < 6 weeks of age and especially < 2 weeks. Infection is carried by the sow or gilt on her skin or within her vagina Sudden onset of facial skin lesions with suppressed suckling in affected piglets. The skin is initially reddened and then becomes thickened and covered with a greasy brown exudate that spreads over the body. The lesions are non - pruritic. Infection occasionally spreads to the mouth and tongue. Secondary infection with other bacteria may also affect the skin. Death may occur in untreated piglets. Treatment: Parenteral penicillin or ampicillin can be effective unless piglets are moribund in which case euthanasia Washes with chlorhexidine can also be used.

Answer 2

uncommon. Zoonotic Mostly Trichophyton mentagrophytes. T. verrucosum and M. canis seen occasionally. Spread by pig to pig contact Round or ovoid lesions are seen on the shoulders, back and flanks. Lesions are light brown in colour and the skin may be flaky. Treatment: Topical enilconazole

Answer 3

Skin lesions are a relatively minor sign of this condition. The coat is dry and has a 'shaggy' appearance with splits at the end of the bristles. A non specific seborrhoeic dermatitis is sometimes seen. More serious signs of Vitamin A deficiency include CNS lesions - posterior paralysis, night blindness and congenital defects. Not all are Vit A responsive. Food should contain 3 - 9 million IU / tonne. Serum 25 - 60 g/dl.

Answer 4

skin lesions include a roughened skin and matting of the hairs by a heavy sebaceous exudate. May resemble Greasy pig disease May also see poor growth, limb and eye abnormalities, scouring and irregularities of the oestrous cycle in sows.

Answer 5

can occur in pigs fed on high levels of maize. The skin may be yellow in colour and show alopecia or irregular hair growth. At post mortem lesions similar to necrotic enteritis may be seen.

Answer 6

risk of low levels if fat content of food is high or when Copper supplementation used. Skin lesions include dermatitis, patchy alopecia and a dark exudate around the eyes. Additional signs include goose stepping gait and diarrhoea. Demyelination - especially of the peroneal nerve - is seen at PM. Treatment is by including 10 - 12g Calcium pantothenate per tonne of food.

Answer 7

the diet should include 180 mg biotin per tonne of food. Levels may fall in diets with high wheat or barley content. Skin lesions include alopecia, broken hairs, brown crusty lesions and petechial haemorrhages. May also see signs of lameness caused by cracks in the solar horn which readily become infected. The response to biotin therapy is often very slow.

Answer 8

Zn deficiency in diet or malabsorption of Zn from gut in animals with diarrhoea High levels of soya and bran and also high levels of Ca++ in the diet can predispose. Signs seen especially in 7 - 10 week piglets Less likely in outdoor pigs Poor growth and weight loss. May see poor herd fertility and breeding results. Skin lesions - symmetrical erythema with crusty lesions on the flank, back, belly and ears. Deep fissures are seen between areas of hyper - keratinisation. There is no greasiness and no pruritis. Some secondary abscessation of the skin may be seen. Treatment: 200g Zinc Carbonate or sulphate per tonne of food.

Answer 9

Mainly the result of environmental stress through poor husbandry and inadequate accommodation and nutrition Severe damage can occur rapidly - the whole tail can be removed and deeper biting damage into the perineal tissues can occur. Infection can enter the damaged tail and spread upwards through local invasion or by haematogenous means. Vertebral body abscesses are a common sequel and can result in posterior ataxia or paresis. Minor injuries are left untreated Infection should be treated with parenteral and local antibiotics. Identify and if possible remove individuals who start the biting cycle.

Answer 10

has some benefits in reducing the incidence of the problem of tail biting (Welfare (Farmed Animal) Regulations require docking to be done only where managemental correction has not resolved the problem. Docking must be done before 7d of age otherwise anaesthesia is required.

Answer 11

severe problem in pigs who naturally fight when mixed with animals from another group Minor lacerations usually heal by primary intention. Deep wounds must be sutured under sedation and local anaesthetic. Infected wounds must be cleaned with antiseptic solutions such as chlorhexidine. Abscesses must be opened and checked to make sure that premature closure and re - formation of further abscesses does not occur. Antibiotic cover and tetanus antitoxin must be used when necessary. If groups have to be mixed sedation of all the pigs involved with azaperone before mixing may help but results can be disappointing.

Answer 12

The pig is very susceptible to overheating- perspiration minimal and thick layer of s/c fat insulates the body progressive distress. Panting - open mouthed gasping respiration. T > 42 C. Membranes may become cyanotic. Tachycardia. Death follows. cool pig immediately - cold water hosing - increase ventilation.

Answer 13

Usually the result of an electrical fault such as poor wiring. Pigs involved are usually found dead. Superficial burn marks may be found on the skin. Signs of a violent death are present. Fractures of bone especially of the neck of the scapulae or the humerus are common - caused by violent incoordinated muscle contraction. Blood stained froth may appear at the nose and premature decomposition may occur. Must treat suspected cases with care in terms of electrical safety and also check that there is no infectious cause of sudden death such as anthrax.

Answer 14

An uncommon condition. Pigs may occasionaly gain access to ergot from contaminated grain or at pasture. Skin lesions - gangrene of the extremities. May also see high levels of stillbirth, agalactia and abnormalities of the oestrous cycle. Treatment of gangrenous extremities - may require surgical aid, local antibiotic therapy or euthanasia.