Pollution Prevention & Toxics Use Reduction (Module 2)

Question 1

What did Section 6602(b) of the pollution act of 1990 state?

Answer 1

• pollution should be prevented or reduced at the source whenever feasible;
• pollution that cannot be prevented should be recycled in an environmentally
  safe manner whenever feasible;
• pollution that cannot be prevented or recycled should be treated in an environmentally safe manner whenever feasible
• disposal or other release into the environment should be employed only as a
  last resort and should be conducted in an environmentally safe manner

Question 2

How did the pollution prevention hierarchy change through the years?

Answer 2

It went from reactionary to anticipatory

Question 3

What was the reactionary hierarchy for pollution?

Answer 3

1. Disposal,
2. Treatment
3. Recycling
4. Prevention

Question 4

What is the anticipatory hierarchy for pollution?

Answer 4

1. Prevention
2. Recycling
3. Treatment
4. Disposal

Question 5

What was the environmental protection evolution?

Answer 5

1970’s- control treatment & cleanup
1980’s- crisis management, liability, & toxics

Pollution Prevention Act

1990’s- pollution prevention,
small, small business, voluntary initiatives
2000’s- management systems stewardship

Question 6

What does P2 stand for?

Answer 6

Pollution Prevention

Question 7

What does TUR stand for?

Answer 7

Toxics use reduction

Question 8

What is the point of P2 & TUR?

Answer 8

• Reduction in the generation of toxic by-products
• Sustain and promote the competitive position of industry
• Promote reduction in the production of toxic and hazardous substances
• Identify potential cost savings
• Provide a systematic materials tracking program
• Identifies process or chemical inefficiencies

Question 9

What happens when you reduce a hazardous chemical?

Answer 9

• improved production efficiency
• decreased costs
• reduction of unnecessary exposures to workers & the environment

Question 10

What are the 6 TUR techniques?

Answer 10

1. Input Substitution
2. Product Reformulation
3. Production Unit Redesign/Modification
4. Production Unit Modernization
5. Improved Operations & Maintenance
6. Recycling which is integral to the process

Question 11

What is input substitution? (TUR)

Answer 11

Replacing a toxic or hazardous substance or raw material used in a production unit with a non-toxic or less toxic substance

Question 12

What is product reformulation? (TUR)

Answer 12

Reformulating or redesigning end products to be nontoxic or less toxic upon use, release or disposal

Question 13

What is production unite redesign or modification? (TUR)

Answer 13

Developing and using production units of a different design than those currently used

Question 14

What is product unit modernization? (TUR)

Answer 14

Upgrading or replacing existing production unit equipment & methods with equipment and methods of a more recent design

Question 15

What is improved operations & maintenance? (TUR)

Answer 15

Improved housekeeping, system adjustments, product/process
inspections, or production unit control equipment or methods

Question 16

What is recycling (integral to the process)? (TUR)

Answer 16

Recycling, reuse, or extended use of toxics by using equipment or
methods which are integral to the production unit, including, but not
limited to filtration and other closed loop methods

Question 17

How can toxic use reduction be accomplished (TUR)?

Answer 17

• Reducing or eliminating the use of a chemical per unit of product produced
  without substituting a more toxic chemical

-Decreasing the generation of byproduct per unit of product produced –
increasing the efficiency of the production process by reducing the amount of the substance “wasted” during production

Question 18

What is the mass balancing equation?

Answer 18

Material In= Material Out + Material maintained in Production Un