Control Options (Module 1)

Question 1

What is media? (Ambient Environment)

Answer 1

• Air, water, soil, food, physical environment

Question 2

What are the types of agents? (Ambient Environment)

Answer 2

• Chemical, biological, physical, behavioral/cultural

Question 3

What are sources of hazards? (Ambient Environment)

Answer 3

• Natural sources, industrial emissions and releases, agriculture, populations

Question 4

What are the two types of environments?

Answer 4

• Work Environment
• Ambient Environment

Question 5

What is media? (Work Environment)

Answer 5

• Industrial materials, air, surfaces, physical, environment

Question 6

What are the types of agents? (Work Environment)

Answer 6

• Chemical, biological, physical, ergonomic, behavioral/cultural

Question 7

What are sources of hazards? (Work Environment)

Answer 7

Industrial Processes, worker behavior, management systems, hosts, and reservoirs (for infectious agents)

Question 8

What are the different exposure routes (pathways)?

Answer 8

• Inhalation
• Ingestion
• Dermal (skin)
• Injection
• Transplacental

Question 9

What is inhalation? (exposure routes)

Answer 9

• breathing
• through the digestive tract
• most significant pathway, especially in workplaces

Question 10

What is ingestion? (exposure routes)

Answer 10

• eating
• through the digestive tract

Question 11

What is dermal? (exposure routes)

Answer 11

• skin
• through the skin

Question 12

What is injection? (exposure routes)

Answer 12

• directly into muscles and veins
• common in healthcare

Question 13

What is transplacental? (exposure routes)

Answer 13

• in utero

Question 14

How much do humans breathe in in a day?

Answer 14

• 15 kg of air a day

Question 15

How does air travel through the body?

Answer 15

• nose/mouth
• throat
• larnx
• bronchi
• alveoli

Question 16

What is the alveoli?

Answer 16

• 300 million air sacs
• 1 cell thick- allow oxygen to enter the bloodstream; carbon dioxide to be removed

Question 17

What is the risk management process?

Answer 17

1. Hazard Identification
2. Assessment of the Hazard
3. Controls Developed and decisions made
4. Implement Controls
5. Supervise and Reevaluate

it is continuous

Question 18

What are the methods of control?

Answer 18

• Source (most effective)
  Substitution, change of process, isolation, etc
• Air Path
  dilution ventilation, housekeeping, continuous monitoring,
• Receiver
  training, rotation of workers, respirators

Most effective is a combined approach

Question 19

What is the hierarchy of control? (triangle)

Answer 19

1. Elimination (physically remove hazard
2. Substitution (replace the hazard)
3. Engineering Controls (isolate people from the hazard)
4. Administrative Controls (change the way people work) (ex: safety training)
5. PPE (protect the worker with PPE)

Question 20

When is the best time to introduce upper-level controls?

Answer 20

The design phase

Question 21

What is the EH/OH Paradigm?

Answer 21

Hazards in the environment & how the people are exposed through different routes. The amount of hazard in the body is the dose. Our body can have some sort of defense to the dose. The response is the symptoms, which can lead to an outcome. We want to control the exposure and prevent the adverse outcomes.

Question 22

What is general or dilution ventilation?

Answer 22

The exhaust fan pulls air out of the workplace and exhausts it to the outdoors.

Question 23

What is local exhaust ventilation (LEV)?

Answer 23

Implies an attempt to remove the contaminant at or near the point of release, thus minimizing the opportunity for the containment to enter the workplace air.

Question 24

What is the design goal of industrial ventilation?

Answer 24

To protect the worker from airborne contamination in the workplace.

Question 25

What should ventilation design include?

Answer 25

Worker interface, access for maintenance, and routine testing.

Question 26

What hoods are used on wide, open-surface tanks where exhaust slots on either side would be inadequate to draw air from the center of the tank. Instead, one side of the tank is fitted with a source of supply air while the other remains as an exhaust. A jet of air from the supply side is blown across the tank surface and collected in the exhaust hood.

Answer 26

Push-pull

Question 27

What ventilation is the most practical a situation where there are many contaminant sources scattered throughout the workplace or where the sources are mobile?

Answer 27

General exhaust ventilation