Control Options (Module 1) Flashcards
What is media? (Ambient Environment)
- Air, water, soil, food, physical environment
What are the types of agents? (Ambient Environment)
- Chemical, biological, physical, behavioral/cultural
What are sources of hazards? (Ambient Environment)
- Natural sources, industrial emissions and releases, agriculture, populations
What are the two types of environments?
- Work Environment
- Ambient Environment
What is media? (Work Environment)
- Industrial materials, air, surfaces, physical, environment
What are the types of agents? (Work Environment)
- Chemical, biological, physical, ergonomic, behavioral/cultural
What are sources of hazards? (Work Environment)
Industrial Processes, worker behavior, management systems, hosts, and reservoirs (for infectious agents)
What are the different exposure routes (pathways)?
- Inhalation
- Ingestion
- Dermal (skin)
- Injection
- Transplacental
What is inhalation? (exposure routes)
- breathing
- through the digestive tract
- most significant pathway, especially in workplaces
What is ingestion? (exposure routes)
- eating
- through the digestive tract
What is dermal? (exposure routes)
- skin
- through the skin
What is injection? (exposure routes)
- directly into muscles and veins
- common in healthcare
What is transplacental? (exposure routes)
- in utero
How much do humans breathe in in a day?
- 15 kg of air a day
How does air travel through the body?
- nose/mouth
- throat
- larnx
- bronchi
- alveoli
What is the alveoli?
- 300 million air sacs
- 1 cell thick- allow oxygen to enter the bloodstream; carbon dioxide to be removed
What is the risk management process?
- Hazard Identification
- Assessment of the Hazard
- Controls Developed and decisions made
- Implement Controls
- Supervise and Reevaluate
it is continuous
What are the methods of control?
- Source (most effective)
Substitution, change of process, isolation, etc - Air Path
dilution ventilation, housekeeping, continuous monitoring, - Receiver
training, rotation of workers, respirators
Most effective is a combined approach
What is the hierarchy of control? (triangle)
- Elimination (physically remove hazard
- Substitution (replace the hazard)
- Engineering Controls (isolate people from the hazard)
- Administrative Controls (change the way people work) (ex: safety training)
- PPE (protect the worker with PPE)
When is the best time to introduce upper-level controls?
The design phase
What is the EH/OH Paradigm?
Hazards in the environment & how the people are exposed through different routes. The amount of hazard in the body is the dose. Our body can have some sort of defense to the dose. The response is the symptoms, which can lead to an outcome. We want to control the exposure and prevent the adverse outcomes.
What is general or dilution ventilation?
The exhaust fan pulls air out of the workplace and exhausts it to the outdoors.
What is local exhaust ventilation (LEV)?
Implies an attempt to remove the contaminant at or near the point of release, thus minimizing the opportunity for the containment to enter the workplace air.
What is the design goal of industrial ventilation?
To protect the worker from airborne contamination in the workplace.
What should ventilation design include?
Worker interface, access for maintenance, and routine testing.
What hoods are used on wide, open-surface tanks where exhaust slots on either side would be inadequate to draw air from the center of the tank. Instead, one side of the tank is fitted with a source of supply air while the other remains as an exhaust. A jet of air from the supply side is blown across the tank surface and collected in the exhaust hood.
Push-pull
What ventilation is the most practical a situation where there are many contaminant sources scattered throughout the workplace or where the sources are mobile?
General exhaust ventilation
