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Biology > Pollution > Flashcards

Pollution Flashcards

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1
Q

define waste

A

any unwanted or undesired material or substance resulting from industrial, commercial mining, agricultural operations, and from community activities

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2
Q

define biodegradable waste

A

those substances which can be broken down by microorganisms into harmless and non toxic substances

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3
Q

define pollution

A

addition of any such constituent to air, water, or land, which deteriorates the natural quality of the environment

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4
Q

define pollutant

A

any constituent which causes pollution

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5
Q

define air pollution

A

deterioration of air quality which harmfully affects living organisms as well as certain objects

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6
Q

types of air pollution

A
  1. gaseous pollution
  2. particulate pollution
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7
Q

sources of air pollution

A
  1. natural sources
  2. man made sources
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8
Q

control of vehicular air pollution

A

efficient engines
good quality fuel
lead-free petrol
use of CNG

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9
Q

man made sources of air pollution

A
  1. vehicles
  2. industries
  3. burning
  4. brick kilns
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10
Q

define water pollution

A

any change in the water quality which makes it unsuitable for use by humans and other living organisms

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11
Q

sources of water pollution

A
  1. household detergents
  2. sewage
  3. oil spills
  4. industrial wastes
  5. thermal pollution
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12
Q

define effluent

A

liquid waste material produced by factories, which is commonly discharged into rivers

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13
Q

sources of soil pollution

A
  1. industrial wastes
  2. urban commercial and domestic wastes
  3. chemical fertilizers
  4. biomedical waste
  5. pesticides
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14
Q

define sanitary landfills

A

places where the wastes are dumped in a ground depression and covered with dirt every day

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15
Q

ex of fertilizers

A

nitrates, phosphates, ammonium salts

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16
Q

ex of biomedical wastes

A

needles, syringes, dirty dressing
unused discarded tablets and powders
discarded biological research materials carelessly disposed off in the municipal garbage

17
Q

full form of DDT

A

dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane

18
Q

define noise

A

any unpleasant/loud undesired sound interfering with one’s hearing and concentration and the pollution caused due to noise is termed as noise pollution

19
Q

harmful effects of noise pollution

A
  1. interferes in communication
  2. interrupts concentration of thought and disturbs peace of mind
  3. lowers efficiency of work
  4. disturbs sleep and leads to nervous irritability `
20
Q

steps to minimise noise pollution

A
  1. prohibit blowing horns
  2. restriction on loud speakers
  3. planting trees by road side
  4. closing doors
  5. not burning firecrackers
21
Q

effect of pollution on climate and environment

A
  1. acid rain
  2. greenhouse effect and global warming
  3. ozone layer depletion
22
Q

effects of acid rain

A
  1. damage vegetation by polluting soil
  2. decay of building material and paints
  3. aquatic animals harmed
  4. erosion of ancient monuments, statues, and sculpture by acids reacting with calcium
22
Q

effects of ozone layer depletion

A

sun burn
genetic disorder
skin cancer
reduced productivity of forests and sea

23
Q

international ozone day

A

september 16

24
Q

effects of air pollution on human health

A

respiratory problems, lung disorders
particulate lead- blood cell shortage
smog- asthma and poor visibility
SO2- bronchitis

25
Q

effect of water pollution on human health

A

cholera, jaundice, typhoid

26
Q

effect of soil pollution

A

pesticides used may harm human health

27
Q

control of pollution

A
  1. use of unleaded petrol and CNG
  2. switching off automobile engines at red light when not in use
  3. treating industrial effluents before discharging them into waterbodies
  4. not to throw food wastes into open grounds or in drains
  5. sewage treatment plants
28
Q

euro bharat vehicular standards

A
  1. any motor vehicle must adhere to a specific emission norm in order to reduce pollution
29
Q

objectives of swachh bharat abhiyan

A
  1. clean streets, roads, infrastructure
  2. eliminate open defecation through construction of individual, cluster, community toilets. goal is to make an Open Defecation Free India
  3. establish an accountable mechanism of latrine use
  4. to achieve efficient solid and liquid waste management systems
30
Q

how to lessen plastic pollution

A
  1. observe 3 Rs
  2. carry your own refillable water bottle
  3. avoid using disposable cutlery and straws
  4. carry your own reusable fabric bag and do not ask for carry bags made of plastic
    5

Biology (15 decks)

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