Political Stability Flashcards

Question

Pridges Purge

Answer 1

Troops arrested 45 & excluded 186 from Commons

Answer 2

Jan 1649 Tried Refused to accept any court had power to place divinely appointed monarch on trial Court - guilty of all charges DEATH EXECUTED 30 JAN 1649

Answer 3

Over 100 reforms first year 1652 only 50 May 1649 abolished Monarchy & HOL Declared Eng Commonwealth NMA - threat from Scot and Ireland delayed any confrontations w/ P Conservative MPs less likely to enact reforms

Answer 4

``` P feared poss Irish invasion Cromwell landed 1649 BRUTAL Garrison at Drogheda - massacred - refused to surrender Wexford - similar fate ```

Answer 5

Grave threat to Repub rule Scottish officer David Leslie - powerful army to Charles II 3rd Civil War Cromwell defeated 1650 at Dunbar 1651 destroyed Charles II armies at Worcester Charles II fled into exile Success Ireland & Scot - ensured survival of Repub gov

Answer 6

Conservative nature of many MPs Limited finances - less inclined to initiate any signif reform Threat from Ireland & Scot Fear of religious groups Fear of NMA - Pridges Purge - Asserted army dominance Dutch Wars - resources & time used - broke out 1652 Cromwell dissolved by force

Answer 7

Composed of mem nominated by gov religious radicals determined to establish godly rule Civil Marriage legalised Registers for births, marriages, deaths established Revenue system reformed Lost support from political classes w/ more radical proposals inc abolish tithe

Answer 8

Instrument of GOV written const - aimed at long term stability Replaced by Protectorate Gov - carried out by a Council of State Parliament elected 3 years Cromwell - Lord Protector

Answer 9

Emerged national figure through military success during civil war Political influence diverted due to campaigns against Scots& Irish Commander in Chief NMA June 1650 Return to Lon to impose himself on political process

Answer 10

Hoped to bring stability Met Sep 1654 Displayed no harmony 100 members refused to accept Instrument of Gov & withdrew from P Attempts made to reduce army & powerful attacks mounted against principle of religious liberty Crom dissolved jan 1655

Answer 11

Royalist Rebellion unsuccessful but showed needed a strong new form of gov Direct military rule 11 generals National reform of morals & behaviour Empowered to suppress taverns, brothels, punish adultery, blasphemy & drunkenness Rule - highlighted the fundamental tensions between reform & stability

Answer 12

Again 100 MPs excluded March 1657 - presented Crom w Humble Petition and Advice offered Crown Strong opp from army & religious radicals refused DID accept Lord Protector for life & power to choose his successor

Answer 13

``` Crom died 1658 - succeeded - son Army did not like Richard - no political experience no strong links w NMA forced from office by army leaders CHAOTIC INSTABILITY ``` ``` Order restored by General George Monck crossed into England jan 1660 elections held for new P Convention P - April 1660 29 May 1660 - Charles returned ```

Answer 14

promised : Listen to advice of P Indemnity - people would not be persecuted for actions during CW except those involved in execution / resisted CII Land settlement disputes - solved by P Payment of NMA wages

Answer 15

P gave CII less money - early tension CII claimed divine right - claimed ruled 12 years - ignored Repub rule - undermined P C & Convention P attempted to ensure political stability Act of Indemnity & Oblivion - general pardon Land confiscated restored to OG owners Saw peaceful dismantling of NMA Anglican Church restored

Answer 16

Determined to restore Anglican church & persecute Non conformists 1661 - Corporation Act - only Anglicans hold office in local corporations - weakened Puritan power & influence 1662 - Quaker Act - financial penalties on Quakers 1662 - Act of Uniformity - all clergymen to accept anglican doctrines - hundreds priests driven from livings 1664 - Conventicle Act - No more than 5 in dissenting assemblies

Answer 17

P most influential form of power - finance - limit Charles On surface received generous settlement £1.2 mill New Hearth Tax 1662 - fireplaces Not enough to make independent Always reliant on further P finance BUT Cavalier P replaced Triennial Act 1664 w weaker version

Answer 18

Edward Hyde Responsible for humiliating defeat in 2nd Dutch War Dutch attacked English at river Medway Charles directed P anger at Clarendon fled to France 1667 Removal of Clarendon led to group of diverse ministers 'the Cabal' filling his role

Answer 19

Charles & Louis XIV agreed to join France in any future French war against Dutch MPs unhappy & suspicious of relationship Charles agreed to convert to Catholicism in return for a pension from French

Answer 20

``` V unpopular decision Declaration of Indulgence 1672 - substantial freedom for dissenters & Catholics Bankrupt 1672 Stop of the Exchequer 1673 forced to withdraw Declaration ``` Test Act 1673 - required all office holders to declare opp to Catholicism Bro - Duke of York - excluded from high office Fall of cabal

Answer 21

1678- wild allegations made against Catholic nobles & Queen Planning to murder king place duke of york on throne Popish Plot - fabricated Gave p opp to denounce King ministers forcing C to dissolve Cavalier P 1679

Answer 22

Proposed Bill to exclude Duke of York from succession to throne Generated political debate Supported by mass demonstrations in favour 2 P dissolved 3rd met Oxford 1681 - CII received large financial subsidy from Louis XIV - greater independence able to refuse P demands & dissolve

Answer 23

Exclusion Crisis led emergence of 2 political groups Whigs - supported exclusion - Toleration of Catholics - lead to royal absolutism Tories - strong belief in power of monarch & hereditary succession & respect for authority

Answer 24

Rye House Plot - Conspiracy by Cromwellian officers to murder the King Failed by CII used it to arrest leading whigs & further weaken opp CII defied Triennial Act by failing to summon p 1684

Answer 25

Charles died Feb 1685 James - throne called P - Tory in outlook - granted substantial funding Within 3 years had dissipated their goodwill Destroyed any chance of political stability Extraordinary lack of political judgement in supporting catholicism openly Godden v Hales Case - accused Hales of trying to become army general whilst being Catholic James defended Hales - TENSION

Answer 26

Appointed catholics to no of offices - Privy Council , Universities & officers in army Over 200 Catholics replaced prot as JPs Declaration of Indulgence 1687 suspended all laws against catholics & dissenters Political classes hoped James reign would not last long - prepared to accept reign Protestant daughter - Mary - heir

Answer 27

APRIL 1688 - 7 Anglican Bishops refused to read Declaration trial & acquitted June Birth to Son - threatened permanent establishment of Catholicism 7 leading politicians invited W&M to protect English Church & country's liberties William landed NOV - James fled to France Dec - offered crown