Glorious Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Lead up

A

April 1687 - James Dec of Indulgence
May 1688 - 7 Bishops refused to read. Arrested then acquitted
7 Leading political figures invited Will of Orange to bring force against James

William arrived 1688 - James fled

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2
Q

Battle of Boyne

A

1690

James attempt Ireland

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3
Q

1694

A

Mary died
P secured Triennial Act
Bank of England created mainly to finance Williams wars

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4
Q

Civil List Act 1698

A

importance of P

fixed financial allowance only approved by P

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5
Q

Revolutionary?

A

Foreign Invasion - England invaded by Dutch - bloodless
Violent - Revisionist - SCOT AND IRELAND
Bourgeoise Rev - Marxist - same rev as 1642

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6
Q

1687
James II
Dec of Indulgence

A

obvious friction
Overrule P going against wishes

Claimed James had transgressed the const & laws of England
Thus virtually disposing himself from gov
Idea that James abdicated himself

Designed voluntarily

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7
Q

Bill of Rights

A

Convention P
Gave Crown to W&M

Dec of Rights
modified & terms placed in statute book - Bill of Rights
Elections reg and free
Force could not be raised / kept in times of peace w/o consent of P

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8
Q

Mutiny Acts 1689

A

No court martial w/o consent of P
Only valid for year
Ensure recall P - regular approval No. of troops remained loyal to James
Benefitted W & P

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9
Q

Problems w Bill of Rights

A

No provisions to ensure elections were free
Only statute law - could be revoked by any P
Monarch free to decide on FP , War & Peace

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10
Q

Act of Settlement 1701

A

Bypass potential catholic heirs
succession vested in house of hanover
ALSO
Judges could not be dismissed w/o consent of P
Royal Pardon - irrelevant in impeachment
No Foreign monarch allowed to enter Eng in war to defend home country w/o P consent

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11
Q

Bill of Rights

A

no longer poss to clam divine right
Foundations of constitutional monarchy - not end product
Taxation by Royal Prerogative - no longer poss

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12
Q

Historians

A

Whigs - Bof R preserved Eng ancient const from absolutism
represented restoration of political stability

Marxists - Const monarch in interests of political elites

Revisionists- nothing but change line succession
P still advisory

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13
Q

Toleration Act 1689

A

End of Anglican Supremacy
Will favoured toleration - Dutch Calvinism

Dissenters exempted from punishments if took oath of allegiance to crown & accepted 1678 test act

Clergy oath to W&M
over 400 refused - deprived of livingd
Act excluded, Catholics, Jews & non-trinitarians

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14
Q

Religion BUT

A

Still not equal to Aglicans - still had to pay tithes to church did not belong

Catholics safe - alliance w no. of Catholic powers against French - League of Augsburg 1686

Dissenters flourished - 8% pop 1714

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15
Q

Public officials - religion

A

forced to swear allegiance to church
Gain public employment / join p - swear allegiance to crown & anglican communion

Fear that alt to Anglican Supremacy - dangerous slide into religious radicalism

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16
Q

Role of P 1688-93

A

Used prerogative powers to form Privy Council
P - 225 Whigs - Progressive
206- Tories - Traditional

17
Q

Williamite War

A
James held P in Ireland 1689 
Catholic gentry offered support 
80,000 soldiers fought on both sides 
William won 
Seige of Derry 8,000 died
18
Q

Whig Junto

A

Influential 1692-93
Supported Williams war
Jacobite rising Scotland
Massacre of James’ supporters by Williamites 1692

19
Q

Triennial Act 1694

A

Whig Junto dominate gov
‘Rage of Party’
Characterised by instability caused by freq elections

20
Q

Licensing Act 1695

A

Less censorship of press
new press freedom
political pamphleteering & journalism

21
Q

Role of P 1694-1701

A

Triennial act - confidence
Election 1695 - Whig dominate P & Privy Council

Feb 1696 plot to kill king
Whigs became more united

Both houses adopted Whig proposal - acknowledging W as lawful king & reasserted their belief in him through
Loyal Association
89 Tories refused to sign

22
Q

Bill of Resumption

A

Stated any grants of land in Ireland given to mem of Privy Council - illegal
Heavy blows to gov 1698 - Junto dismantling
Infuriated W
Saw it as infringement of Royal Prerogative & personal insult

23
Q

Warsssss

A

W needed P taxes to fight French
Triennial Act - P could not be ignored
P able to enroach on areas once firmly part of Prerogative
enhanced power

Royal Prerogative left intact - declare war , dissolve P, veto leg

24
Q

Civil List Act 1697

A

£700,000 a year for life
Had to cover the expenses of royal household
Salaries for diplomats, judges
King & P working in unison

25
Q

Williams Wars

A

9 years was
League of Augsburg - Holland, Eng, Spain & Holy Roman Empire
Against Louis XIV
complete transformation of British FP
committed millions £ & thousands of troops

Louis advantages - divine right & large no of troops
Peace talsk 1696 - Louis refused to acknowledge W as legit king

Both Bankrupt 1697 - Treaty of Ryswick
Louis forced to accept W & promised no assistance to James

26
Q

Restructuring of Finances

A

Avg expenditure - £5.4 million
Avg tax revenue £3.6 million

Exise taxes - tea , tobacco & alcohol
Land tax - provided 1/3 of all required funds

27
Q

Administrative Revolution

A

Unprecedented levels of taxation
royal income doubled after 1688
Land Tax yielded £1 mill in first year

National Debt - new system of public credit established
£16.7 million 1698
Crown taking loans from merchants & city traders & repaying w interest

End of war debt £17 mill
King & P regularly met to renew Civil List Act

Argued financial settlement of 1690s rather than Triennial Act & Bill of Rights that necessitated regular meetings of P

28
Q

Public Scrutiny of gov income & expenditure

A

Commissions - interrogate ministers
Publish reports & expose corruption
1689 = MPs unsure - no precedent
Successful in bringing no. of ministers to account
Scrutiny carried out w unprecedented attention to detail
BUT many not completed
BUT reports would make clear where ministers had evaded Qs , refused to show accounts etc
1695 - lost impact - used to attack unfavourable ministers rather than check finances

29
Q

Banks Stuff

A

Establishment of Bank of Eng 1694

Tontine Loan - method for raising capital
Investors pay into fund in order to provide a loan
Payed back w interest

30
Q

Tonnage Act 1694

A

Similar loan of £1.2 mill - interest rate of 8%

lotteries enabled W to raise £1 mill

1698 - W raised £2 mill at rate 8% by promising investors stake in New East India Comp

31
Q

Recoinage Act 1696

A
Silver coins - clipped - lost value 
P requested coin surrendered 
Weighed and new coins struck 
Maintained for while 
2 years - silver worth more as bullion than con 

P controlled military expenditure and could effectively hold crown to ransom

32
Q

Conclusion

A

Whig - Rev little more than a change of dynasty & events peaceful

Revisionists - Violent & radical
Const - divine right - no more