Glorious Revolution

Question 1

Lead up

Answer 1

April 1687 - James Dec of Indulgence
May 1688 - 7 Bishops refused to read. Arrested then acquitted
7 Leading political figures invited Will of Orange to bring force against James

William arrived 1688 - James fled

Question 2

Battle of Boyne

Answer 2

1690

James attempt Ireland

Question 3

1694

Answer 3

Mary died
P secured Triennial Act
Bank of England created mainly to finance Williams wars

Question 4

Civil List Act 1698

Answer 4

importance of P

fixed financial allowance only approved by P

Question 5

Revolutionary?

Answer 5

Foreign Invasion - England invaded by Dutch - bloodless
Violent - Revisionist - SCOT AND IRELAND
Bourgeoise Rev - Marxist - same rev as 1642

Question 6

1687
James II
Dec of Indulgence

Answer 6

obvious friction
Overrule P going against wishes

Claimed James had transgressed the const & laws of England
Thus virtually disposing himself from gov
Idea that James abdicated himself

Designed voluntarily

Question 7

Bill of Rights

Answer 7

Convention P
Gave Crown to W&M

Dec of Rights
modified & terms placed in statute book - Bill of Rights
Elections reg and free
Force could not be raised / kept in times of peace w/o consent of P

Question 8

Mutiny Acts 1689

Answer 8

No court martial w/o consent of P
Only valid for year
Ensure recall P - regular approval No. of troops remained loyal to James
Benefitted W & P

Question 9

Problems w Bill of Rights

Answer 9

No provisions to ensure elections were free
Only statute law - could be revoked by any P
Monarch free to decide on FP , War & Peace

Question 10

Act of Settlement 1701

Answer 10

Bypass potential catholic heirs
succession vested in house of hanover
ALSO
Judges could not be dismissed w/o consent of P
Royal Pardon - irrelevant in impeachment
No Foreign monarch allowed to enter Eng in war to defend home country w/o P consent

Question 11

Bill of Rights

Answer 11

no longer poss to clam divine right
Foundations of constitutional monarchy - not end product
Taxation by Royal Prerogative - no longer poss

Question 12

Historians

Answer 12

Whigs - Bof R preserved Eng ancient const from absolutism
represented restoration of political stability

Marxists - Const monarch in interests of political elites

Revisionists- nothing but change line succession
P still advisory

Question 13

Toleration Act 1689

Answer 13

End of Anglican Supremacy
Will favoured toleration - Dutch Calvinism

Dissenters exempted from punishments if took oath of allegiance to crown & accepted 1678 test act

Clergy oath to W&M
over 400 refused - deprived of livingd
Act excluded, Catholics, Jews & non-trinitarians

Question 14

Religion BUT

Answer 14

Still not equal to Aglicans - still had to pay tithes to church did not belong

Catholics safe - alliance w no. of Catholic powers against French - League of Augsburg 1686

Dissenters flourished - 8% pop 1714

Question 15

Public officials - religion

Answer 15

forced to swear allegiance to church
Gain public employment / join p - swear allegiance to crown & anglican communion

Fear that alt to Anglican Supremacy - dangerous slide into religious radicalism

Question 16

Role of P 1688-93

Answer 16

Used prerogative powers to form Privy Council
P - 225 Whigs - Progressive
206- Tories - Traditional

Question 17

Williamite War

Answer 17

James held P in Ireland 1689 
Catholic gentry offered support 
80,000 soldiers fought on both sides 
William won 
Seige of Derry 8,000 died

Question 18

Whig Junto

Answer 18

Influential 1692-93
Supported Williams war
Jacobite rising Scotland
Massacre of James’ supporters by Williamites 1692

Question 19

Triennial Act 1694

Answer 19

Whig Junto dominate gov
‘Rage of Party’
Characterised by instability caused by freq elections

Question 20

Licensing Act 1695

Answer 20

Less censorship of press
new press freedom
political pamphleteering & journalism

Question 21

Role of P 1694-1701

Answer 21

Triennial act - confidence
Election 1695 - Whig dominate P & Privy Council

Feb 1696 plot to kill king
Whigs became more united

Both houses adopted Whig proposal - acknowledging W as lawful king & reasserted their belief in him through
Loyal Association
89 Tories refused to sign

Question 22

Bill of Resumption

Answer 22

Stated any grants of land in Ireland given to mem of Privy Council - illegal
Heavy blows to gov 1698 - Junto dismantling
Infuriated W
Saw it as infringement of Royal Prerogative & personal insult

Question 23

Warsssss

Answer 23

W needed P taxes to fight French
Triennial Act - P could not be ignored
P able to enroach on areas once firmly part of Prerogative
enhanced power

Royal Prerogative left intact - declare war , dissolve P, veto leg

Question 24

Civil List Act 1697

Answer 24

£700,000 a year for life
Had to cover the expenses of royal household
Salaries for diplomats, judges
King & P working in unison

Question 25

Williams Wars

Answer 25

9 years was League of Augsburg - Holland, Eng, Spain & Holy Roman Empire Against Louis XIV complete transformation of British FP committed millions £ & thousands of troops Louis advantages - divine right & large no of troops Peace talsk 1696 - Louis refused to acknowledge W as legit king Both Bankrupt 1697 - Treaty of Ryswick Louis forced to accept W & promised no assistance to James

Question 26

Restructuring of Finances

Answer 26

Avg expenditure - £5.4 million Avg tax revenue £3.6 million Exise taxes - tea , tobacco & alcohol Land tax - provided 1/3 of all required funds

Question 27

Administrative Revolution

Answer 27

Unprecedented levels of taxation royal income doubled after 1688 Land Tax yielded £1 mill in first year National Debt - new system of public credit established £16.7 million 1698 Crown taking loans from merchants & city traders & repaying w interest End of war debt £17 mill King & P regularly met to renew Civil List Act Argued financial settlement of 1690s rather than Triennial Act & Bill of Rights that necessitated regular meetings of P

Question 28

Public Scrutiny of gov income & expenditure

Answer 28

Commissions - interrogate ministers Publish reports & expose corruption 1689 = MPs unsure - no precedent Successful in bringing no. of ministers to account Scrutiny carried out w unprecedented attention to detail BUT many not completed BUT reports would make clear where ministers had evaded Qs , refused to show accounts etc 1695 - lost impact - used to attack unfavourable ministers rather than check finances

Question 29

Banks Stuff

Answer 29

Establishment of Bank of Eng 1694 Tontine Loan - method for raising capital Investors pay into fund in order to provide a loan Payed back w interest

Question 30

Tonnage Act 1694

Answer 30

Similar loan of £1.2 mill - interest rate of 8% lotteries enabled W to raise £1 mill 1698 - W raised £2 mill at rate 8% by promising investors stake in New East India Comp

Question 31

Recoinage Act 1696

Answer 31

``` Silver coins - clipped - lost value P requested coin surrendered Weighed and new coins struck Maintained for while 2 years - silver worth more as bullion than con ``` P controlled military expenditure and could effectively hold crown to ransom

Question 32

Conclusion

Answer 32

Whig - Rev little more than a change of dynasty & events peaceful Revisionists - Violent & radical Const - divine right - no more