Political spectrum Flashcards
What’s the difference between left and right wing?
Left = socialist Right = capitalist
Give an example of a welfare state where wellbeing is the top priority
Norway
Give an example of a state where economic development in industry is the top priority
Ghana
Give an example of a state where military spending is the top priority
North Korea
Give an example of a Totalitarian state where budgets are allocated to control people
China
Describe the UK’s public spending in 2016
Total = £759.5 billion 18% = healthcare 12% = education
Describe Brazil’s public spending in 2013
Unified Health System but 25% of the population opt for private healthcare
4.4% of GDP ($1,471 pp)
Name three methods of social progress
Government intervention e.g. NHS
Social enterprise e.g. business trade for social and environmental profit
Social activism e.g. action for change
Why are so many countries in debt?
- (1) colonies fought for independence e.g. Africa to invest in future economic growth
- In 1970s, OPEC increased the price of (2) twice
- Banks lent money to developing countries during (3)
- In the 1980s, interest increased more than (4)
- Many couldn’t afford repayment
- IMF set up (5)
- Countries forced to cut back on other spending
1 - European 2 - Oil 3 - economic conflict 4 - double 5 - SAPs
Name the 8 Millennium goals from 2000
- Eradicate extreme poverty
- Universal primary education
- Promote gender equality
- Reduce child mortality
- Improve maternal health
- Combat HIV/ AIDS and malaria
- Ensure environmental sustainability
- Global partnership for development
Millennium goal 1:
People in developing countries are living on less than (1) a day which has been reduced to (2) and undernourishment has decreased by (3)
1 - $1.25
2 - 14%
3 - 12.9%
Millennium goal 2:
School enrolment is 91%, leaving (1)
Figure for Sub-Saharan Africa is (2) but this is unequal
1 - 57 million
2 - 80%
Millennium goal 3:
- Most developed countries have least (1) disparity
- (2) have a more female than male population
- Latin America and Caribbean have the most women in (3)
1 - gender
2 - SE. Asia
3 - poor households
Millennium goal 4:
- Between 1990-2015, infant mortality reduced by (1)
- Between 2000-2013, 84% of children had (2) vaccines
1 - a half
2 - measles
Millennium goal 5:
- Between 2000-2013, maternal mortality reduced by (1)
- No (2) met the target
1 - 36%
2 - world region
Millennium goal 6:
- HIV decreased by (1)
- (2) million deaths by malaria prevented
- TB prevention saved (3) million
1 - 40%
2 - 2
3 - 37
Millennium goal 7:
- L. America’s land protection increased from 8.8% - (1)
- (2) gas emissions increased
- (3)% of the world’s population have no access to water in their homes
1 - 23.4%
2 - greenhouse
3 - 42%
Millennium goal 8:
- Official aid has increased (1)
- (2)% of the world’s population have a mobile phone
1 - 66%
2 - 95
What happened to the Millennium goals in 2015?
UN had a review and set 17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS to achieve by 2030 e.g. no poverty, no hunger, life below water, quality education and climate action
What is the GPE?
The Global Partnership for Education
- 2002 partnership to invest in early childhood education and develop the education system
- Between 2002-2015, $35 billion had been invested
What is the climate change action plan?
- Investment in renewable energy in developing countries and early flooding warning systems
- Agricultural investment for 40 countries by 2020
How has the IMF poverty reduction programme helped development?
Not imposed conditions now required to develop medium-term development e.g. strategies for Haiti following Hurricane Matthew in 2016
How do WTO trade policies try to tackle environmental degradation?
- Restrict movement of dangerous or endangered species
- Challenge trade with implementations for climate change
Describe the difference between the DRC and the USA in terms of Gov spending and % of GDP spent on healthcare and education
Congo - not a member of the G20 - 29% gov spending, 4.3% on health and 5.3% on education
USA - member of G20 - 41.6% gov spending, 17.1% on health and 5.2% on education
France:
- Spend £(1) per year per student (UK=£7000 in London and £3750 in rural areas)
- Gov spending of (2)% of GDP
- Pension: £(3)/ yr (UK = £7,500)
- Health care is (4) funded
1 - £8,000
2 - 56
3 - £15,000
4 - State
Saudi Arabia:
- Half the population are under the age of (1)
- Low spending on (2) but high quality (3)
- Most autocratic power in the (4)
- Spending depends on revenue from (5)
- (6) million foreign employees
- Pensions are £(7) a month
1 - 25 2 - education 3 - healthcare 4 - G20 5 - oil 6 - 5 7 - 300
MDGs in Bangladesh:
- Met child mortality goal, now (1) in 2015
- (2)% of girls and 97.2% of boys attend school
- Achieved (3) goal
- Maternal mortality has decreased by (4)%
1 - 44/100
2 - 99.4
3 - gender equality
4 - 40
What is the average Australian life expectancy compared to the Aboriginal population?
Australian: M = 82/ W = 84
Aboriginal: M = 69/ W = 73
What are the main reasons for varying life expectancy in Australia?
Aboriginals have a greater drug misuse and deprivation, poor quality healthcare and poor education
Describe the ‘CLOSE THE GAP’ initiative 2009
- Aim to half child mortality by 2018
- Decrease divide in numeracy and literacy
- More Aboriginals completing high school
Aboriginal women suffer (1) times more from psychological distress from greater unemployment, alcohol and drug misuse and suicide. (2) is twice as high than non-aboriginals which accounted for (3)% of deaths. Government declared (4) for child abuse in aboriginal communities
1 - 3
2 - Smoking
3 - 20
4 - state of emergency
What country has the highest and lowest life expectancy?
Japan - 84
Sierra Leone - 46
Describe variations in food security, schooling and healthcare in DRC and Algeria
DRC - food security lessened by conflict, only 60% aged 5-14 go to school, others work. High infant mortality.
Algeria - hunger reduced by half between 1999-2015, years people attend school increased 4.5. Life expectancy increased 16.6% between 1980-2014
