Measuring human development Flashcards
Name four ways we know how developed a country is?
- GDP
- GDP per capita
- GDP per capita based on PPP
- GNI
What is GDP?
The total value of goods and services produced every year
What is GDP per capita?
GDP divided by population to calculate mean wealth
What is GDP per capita based on Purchasing Power Parity?
Differences in cost of living usually compared to the USA or between countries
What is GNI?
Total wealth created by a country including exports
Describe the North-South divide by Willy Brandt in 1981
- W. German councillor created the Brandt line report to demonstrate the development gap
- Wealthy North and Poor South
- Concern for two-thirds of the population living in poverty
Why can the Brandt line be criticised?
- Out dated and simplistic
- Economic development is a complex pattern as some parts of nations are considerably wealthy e.g. Shanghai
- Some countries decline in development
- Rapid development and rising incomes in ‘poor south’
Human Development Index:
- Devised by (1), a (2) index figure including life expectancy, education and (3)
- No account for (4) or (5) engagement, security or freedom of speech
- Data collected is (6)
1 - the UN 2 - single 3 - GDP per capita by US$ PPP 4 - environmental quality 5 - democratic 6 - statistical
What is the Happy Planet Index equation?
EW x (LE / EF)
Experienced Wellbeing
Life Expectancy
Ecological Footprint
Describe the 2012 HPI
- No country has a high and sustained EW but nine were close including the Caribbean
- High incomes reduced by EF
- USA (largest economy) ranked 105th out of 151
Human Freedom Index:
- State of human freedom from (1) components
- Individual dignity defined as (2)
- Co published by four institutes of (3)
- (4) indicators, covering (5) countries
- Scale of 1-10, average score in 2015 was (6) which is a decrease from 2014
1 - personal, economic and civil 2 - negative liberty 3 - freedom 4 - 79 5 - 159 6 - 6.93
Why was Costa Rica ranked the happiest place to live in 2014?
- Abolished army in 1949 to relocate funds to education, health and pensions
- More GDP spending in education than the UK in 2012
- World leading country in environmental protection e.g. tax on fossil fuel and forest protection schemes
- In 2015, 99% of its energy was from renewable sources
Sharia Law:
- Fundamental law of (1)
- Theft is punishable by (2)
- Conversion from Islam is punishable by (3)
- A woman may have (4) husband(s) but a man can have up to (5) wives
- A man may beat his wife for (6)
1 - Islam 2 - Amputation of right hand 3 - Death 4 - 1 5 - 4 6 - defiance
What five fundamentals does Sharia Law say world and religious life depend on?
Preservation of
Religion, Life, Intellect, Language and Wealth
Describe Bosnia under Evo Morales:
- President since (1) from the (2) minority
- Communist or Capitalist?
- Extreme poverty has decreased by (3)%
- Still one of (4)’s poorest countries
1 - 2005 2 - indigenous Communist 3 - 43% 4 - South America's
What two case studies would you use to describe fundamental differences in development?
Sharia Law and Bosnia under Evo Morales
Why could using GDP, GDPpp, GDPpp on PPP and GNI not be the best ways to represent the world as a whole?
They only consider one dimension of economics and other methods include a range of statistics
What four factors does the perception of development depend on?
Values, Ethnicity, Ideology and Morals
