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Health, Human Rights and Intervention 5 > 8.1 > Flashcards

8.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘development’

A

Change for the better usually economically improving standard of living

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2
Q

Define ‘development gap’

A

Social and economic disparity between wealthy and the poor occurring global and locally

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3
Q

Give four methods of measuring development

A

GDP
GDPpc
GDPpc based on PPP
GNIpc

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4
Q

How does GDP suggest development?

A

Reflects economic activity and broadly standard of living

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5
Q

How does GDPpc suggest development?

A

Mean wealth per person but disguises disparities between very rich and very poor

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6
Q

How does GDPpc based on PPP suggest development?

A

(Purchasing Power Parity) difference in cost of living between countries usually compared against the USA

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7
Q

How does GNIpc suggest development?

A

The total wealth created by a country including income from exports minus debts and taxes, since exchange rates vary this can change over time

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8
Q

Why are the four measures not the best way to show development?

A

Other ways take in a broader range of statistics

Development is not just one-dimensional focused only on economics

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9
Q

How is development also considered to be through human well-being?

A
  • Improving lives (not just through economics)
  • Giving people opportunities to develop their abilities
  • Creating choices for people to live their own life e.g. girl’s education
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10
Q

Describe the North-South divide

A

1981 landmark report by Willy Brandt
Wealthy North held 80% of the world’s wealth
Reports concern that poverty was affecting two-thirds

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11
Q

Why is the Brandt line not so applicable now?

A

Complex development pattern so some countries e.g. Singapore or parts of countries e.g. Hong Kong are rapidly developing
Gap between rich and poor has widened

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12
Q

What is the happy planet index?

A

Measures sustainable wellbeing, life expectancy, inequality and ecological footprint

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13
Q

What is the HPI calculation?

A

(Wellbeing x life expectancy x inequality of outcomes) / ecological footprint

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14
Q

Who are leading and who are at the bottom of the HPI?

A

1 - Costa Rica
2 - Mexico
139 - Luxemburg
140 - Chad

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15
Q

Evaluate the HPI

A
  • Only measure taking into account environmental quality
  • Unreasonable to expect people to perceive their wellbeing in the same way
  • E.g. Mexico is high on HPI but many risk their lives to go to the USA which is low ranking showing people value their standard of living highly
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16
Q

Why is Costa Rica ranked 1st in the HPI?

A
  • Abolished army in 1949 and relocated funds to health and education
  • Invested more in education in 2015 than the UK by percentage of GDP
  • Taxes on buying fossil fuels to protect its forest
  • 2015: produced 99% of energy renewably
  • Carbon neutral goal by 2021

Health, Human Rights and Intervention 5 (5 decks)

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