Political Participation - Chapters 5,6,8,9, Unit 5 Flashcards
CHAPTER 5: INTEREST GROUPS - cards (1-29)
What are the two things interest groups could be based on)
-shared identity
-specific policy issue
grass root level
rank given to the “common/ ordinary people”
faction
term founders used to refer to political parties and interest groups
pluralism
a theory of government that holds open, multiple competing groups
movement
a large body of people interested in a common issue, idea or concern
Types of interest groups:
1) Economic interest groups
lobby officials and campaign for canadites whose trade, tax and regulation polices favor their financial situations
includes..
-corporations
-labor unions
-professional and trade associations
open shop
a company with a labor agreement under which union membership is not required as a condition of employment
closed shop
a company with a labor agreement under which union membership is required as a condition of employment
free rider
an individual who does not join a group representing their interests, yet they still receive the benefits from the groups influence
professional association
groups of indeveduals who share a common profesion and are often organized for common political purposed relayed to that professional
-examples: AMA, ABA
Types of interest groups:
2) Ideological/ Single-interest groups
They typically pursue a single policy goal through many means.
members generally share a common desire for gov to pursue policies consisted with it
Types of interest groups:
3)Public interest groups
groups that claim to work on behalf of all citizens
-include watchdog groups and charities
Types of interest groups:
4)Foreign policy interest groups
work to influence some part of the US’s international affairs
-includes organized lobbies and grassroots movements (?)
non-governmental organization (NGO)
a nonprofit association or group operating outside of the government that advocates and persues policy objections
Types of interest groups:
5) Government interest groups
organizations that lobby on behalf of cities, states and other government entities
-includes public sector units(?)
What factors help interest groups gain power?(5)
- size and resources: more people you have supporting your issue, the better
-cohesiveness: better when people have common opinions
-leadership
-techniques
most importantly: the ability to contribute
collective action
how groups form/ organize to pursue their goals, including how to get individuals and groups to participate and cooperate(?)
Techniques for exerting influence (as an interest group)
-publicity/ the media
-mass mailing/ emailing
-direct contact with gov (use “the federal register”)
-litigation
-protest
-contributions to campaigns
-new political parties
-lobbying
bundling
a tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals
and present the to a candidate to political parties as a “bundle”
-increates PAC’s influence
-but the amount of money is limited (hard money) to PACs bc of BCRA
lobbying
engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials (ecspecially legislatures) and the policies they enact
litigation
the process of taking legal action.
-ex. suing
public choice
-basiclly the same as collective action
specifically studies how gov officials, politicians, and voters respond to negative incentives (?)
Who are lobbyists?
people who represent organized interests before the government
What do lobbyist do? (3)
-communicate with legislatures and executive branch officials
-make campaign contributions
-assist election activity, especially through PACs
revolving door
an employment cycle in which individuals who work for gov agencies that regulate interest eventually end up working for interest groups or businesses with the same policy as the agency
issue networks
relationships among interest froups, congressional committees/ subcommittees and gov agencies that share a common policy concern
-different then iron triangles
PAC
political action committee
leadership PAC
PAC formed by an office holder
independent expenditures
spending money on campaigns that operate independently from the candidates
-super PACs can spend unlimited amounts of money on campaigns as long as its independent expenditures
CHAPTER 6: POLITICAL PARTIES - cards (31-
