Political Participation - Chapters 5,6,8,9, Unit 5

Question 1

CHAPTER 5: INTEREST GROUPS - cards (1-29)

Question 2

What are the two things interest groups could be based on)

Answer 2

-shared identity
-specific policy issue

Question 3

grass root level

Answer 3

rank given to the “common/ ordinary people”

Question 4

faction

Answer 4

term founders used to refer to political parties and interest groups

Question 5

pluralism

Answer 5

a theory of government that holds open, multiple competing groups

Question 6

movement

Answer 6

a large body of people interested in a common issue, idea or concern

Question 7

Types of interest groups:
1) Economic interest groups

Answer 7

lobby officials and campaign for canadites whose trade, tax and regulation polices favor their financial situations
includes..
-corporations
-labor unions
-professional and trade associations

Question 8

open shop

Answer 8

a company with a labor agreement under which union membership is not required as a condition of employment

Question 9

closed shop

Answer 9

a company with a labor agreement under which union membership is required as a condition of employment

Question 10

free rider

Answer 10

an individual who does not join a group representing their interests, yet they still receive the benefits from the groups influence

Question 11

professional association

Answer 11

groups of indeveduals who share a common profesion and are often organized for common political purposed relayed to that professional
-examples: AMA, ABA

Question 12

Types of interest groups:
2) Ideological/ Single-interest groups

Answer 12

They typically pursue a single policy goal through many means.
members generally share a common desire for gov to pursue policies consisted with it

Question 13

Types of interest groups:
3)Public interest groups

Answer 13

groups that claim to work on behalf of all citizens
-include watchdog groups and charities

Question 14

Types of interest groups:
4)Foreign policy interest groups

Answer 14

work to influence some part of the US’s international affairs
-includes organized lobbies and grassroots movements (?)

Question 15

non-governmental organization (NGO)

Answer 15

a nonprofit association or group operating outside of the government that advocates and persues policy objections

Question 16

Types of interest groups:
5) Government interest groups

Answer 16

organizations that lobby on behalf of cities, states and other government entities
-includes public sector units(?)

Question 17

What factors help interest groups gain power?(5)

Answer 17

• size and resources: more people you have supporting your issue, the better
  -cohesiveness: better when people have common opinions
  -leadership
  -techniques
  most importantly: the ability to contribute

Question 18

collective action

Answer 18

how groups form/ organize to pursue their goals, including how to get individuals and groups to participate and cooperate(?)

Question 19

Techniques for exerting influence (as an interest group)

Answer 19

-publicity/ the media
-mass mailing/ emailing
-direct contact with gov (use “the federal register”)
-litigation
-protest
-contributions to campaigns
-new political parties
-lobbying

Question 20

bundling

Answer 20

a tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals
and present the to a candidate to political parties as a “bundle”
-increates PAC’s influence
-but the amount of money is limited (hard money) to PACs bc of BCRA

Question 21

lobbying

Answer 21

engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials (ecspecially legislatures) and the policies they enact

Question 22

litigation

Answer 22

the process of taking legal action.
-ex. suing

Question 23

public choice

Answer 23

-basiclly the same as collective action
specifically studies how gov officials, politicians, and voters respond to negative incentives (?)

Question 24

Who are lobbyists?

Answer 24

people who represent organized interests before the government

Question 25

What do lobbyist do? (3)

Answer 25

-communicate with legislatures and executive branch officials
-make campaign contributions
-assist election activity, especially through PACs

Question 26

revolving door

Answer 26

an employment cycle in which individuals who work for gov agencies that regulate interest eventually end up working for interest groups or businesses with the same policy as the agency

Question 27

issue networks

Answer 27

relationships among interest froups, congressional committees/ subcommittees and gov agencies that share a common policy concern
-different then iron triangles

Question 28

PAC

Answer 28

political action committee

Question 29

leadership PAC

Answer 29

PAC formed by an office holder

Question 30

independent expenditures

Answer 30

spending money on campaigns that operate independently from the candidates
-super PACs can spend unlimited amounts of money on campaigns as long as its independent expenditures

Question 31

CHAPTER 6: POLITICAL PARTIES - cards (31-