Political Motives

Question 1

Term: Peace Movement

Answer 1

• Violence of French knights in Europe made papacy fearful
• Peace of God: Gave protection to ecclesiastical (church owned) property
• Truce of God: prohibited violence on certain days

Question 2

Development: Decline of Outremer

Answer 2

• Second Crusade trigger was Zengi’s incursions and Siege of Edessa leading fall of the crusader state. Queen Melisende called for appeal
• Third Crusade trigger was the loss of Jerusalem to Saladin in October 1187. Conrad of Montferrat appealed
• Outnumbered crusaders 10 to 1

Question 3

Individual: Pope Eugenius III

Answer 3

• Advisers included Bernard of Clairvaux, who wrote a defence of the military orders, and Alberic of Ostia, who held synods in Jerusalem and Antioch in the 1140’s
• Had interest in Eastern Church when some Eastern Christians asked him religious questions in 1145, making him feel like the East respected his judgement and so he wanted to secure power there
• Weak western position as ongoing fight with the Pierleoni and Frangipani clans in Italy, meaning he couldn’t lead church from Rome at the time.