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AP Human Geography > Political Geo > Flashcards

Political Geo Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Ethnic Cleansing. Give examples.

A

Where a more superior ethnic group tries to get rid of an inferior ethnic group in the region. Examples include Bosnia, Holocaust, Armenia…

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2
Q

Define Gerrymandering.

A

Redrawing of a border so a political region can get a political benefit.

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3
Q

Explain the Yugoslavian conflict

A

Ethnicities wanted their own independent states

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4
Q

Define Balkanization

A

Breakup of a large state into smaller states due to centrifugal forces.

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5
Q

Explain the triangular slave trade. Including all the processes.

A

Transportation of slaves to America in exchange of cash crops.
1.Slaves were transported to America
2. Cash crops were given to the Europeans
3. Cloth and textiles were sent to Africa.
The cycle repeats.

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6
Q

Define enclave, and give an example.

A

A country that is completely surrounded by One other country. Lesotho is an Enclave of South Africa, and The Vatican is an Enclave of Italy.

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7
Q

Define exclave, and give an example.

A

A country that has a portion that is discontinuous. Examples include Kaliningrad and Bangladesh.

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8
Q

Define Centrifugal force

A

A force that can break up a country. Examples include Political turmoil, War, Religious conflicts, Ethnic conflicts.

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9
Q

Define Centripetal force

A

A force within a state that unites the people together. Examples include Language, religion, flags, nationalism… etc.

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10
Q

What is the domino theory?

A

A theory where if one country falls into communism, the rest will fall along as well.

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11
Q

Define Sovereignty.

A

A right for a country to govern itself. Kosovo became sovereign in 2008.

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12
Q

What is the Plessy vs Ferguson case, and what happened?

A

A court case in 1896 that created the separate but equal doctrine. The doctrine separated the blacks and the whites.

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13
Q

Define Race, what are the races in the Census Bureau?

A

A label of a person based on skin color.

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14
Q

How do Europeans preserve their national identity?

A

by opening restaurants that serve food from their own country, they live by the same ethnic group and speak their language.

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15
Q

What is the Apartheid?

A

A law in South Africa that is set by Afrikaners that physically separate Blacks and Whites. The blacks were treated very poorly as they were subjected to very low end jobs and very poor living standards.

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16
Q

Taking over a country that already has a political structure.

A

Imperialism

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17
Q

Taking over an area that is sparsely populated.

A

Colonization

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18
Q

A theory that suggested that the main area of power was central asia and east Europe.

A

MacKinder’s Heartland Theory.

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19
Q

What disproved the Heartland theory?

A

The US is a major superpower, and the US is not in tha place that the Heartland theory mentioned.

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20
Q

A theory that argues that states constantly need nre territory to meet the demands of their growing populations.

A

Organic Theory.

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21
Q

What are the motives for imperialism?

A

God- To spread religion.
Gold- Economic reasons.
Glory- Political power.

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22
Q

What did the Brown vs the board of education do?

A

It stated that the Separate but equal doctrine was not constitutional. Blacks have to be integrated with the white people.

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23
Q

Mass emigration of whites as blacks move into neighborhoods.

A

White flight

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24
Q

A method where a black person was sent to a white neighborhood, and the whites sell their houses for cheap. Then, the landlord adjusts the prices to suit the blacks so they can live there.

A

Blockbusting

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25
Q

Any country that has a political structure, and is recognized by the UN.

A

State

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26
Q

A state that has mostly homogenous ethnicity. Examples include Iceland, Japan…

A

Nation-state.

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27
Q

A territory that has a group who share a common culture and identifies themselves in said group. Ex. Arab league…

A

Nation

28
Q

A state with more then one ethnic group. USSR, Sudan, US…

A

Multiethnic state

29
Q

A state with two or more ethnic groups that has self determination to govern themselves as they coexist and recognize other nationalities adjacent to it. Ex. UK.

A

Multinational State

30
Q

Any nation that does not have its own territory. Ex. Kurdistan, Palestine…

A

Stateless nation

31
Q

Loyalty to devote to your own country

A

Nationalism.

32
Q

The process of transferring power from one huge power to smaller and more regional powers. Ex. Breakup of USSR, their huge government broke up to Post-soviet states.

A

Devolution

33
Q

A group of people desiring to govern themselves where they can see fit.

A

Self Determination

34
Q

How was society organized in Africa during pre-colonial eras?

A

They were managed by tribes.

35
Q

What happened to the society in Africa after boundaries were drawn?

A

Tribes were wither separated or put together with rivaling tribes.

36
Q

Explain the Sri Lanka Conflict.

A

The Sinhalese and Tamil fought a long civil war, and ended up with the Sinhalese winning. It is basically Buddhism versus Hinduism.

37
Q

Explain the Sudan conflict.

A

It was black Christians versus black muslims. In 2012, Sudan separated into south Sudan and North Sudan, and their religions were split to Muslim and Christian, respectively.

38
Q

Explain the Balkan Conflict.

A
  • When Tito died, several ethnicities started to fight for sovereignty. Thus, Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Slovenia Left.
  • Serbia attempted to clean out Bosnian Muslims in order to have a homogenous region.
  • Serbia also tried to cleanse Kosovo
39
Q

The simplest type of boundary, consist of straight lines and corners.

A

Geometric Boundary

40
Q

A boundary that is formed by any physical feature such as mountains, deserts, rivers…

A

Physical Boundary

41
Q

Boundary created by distinct differences in culture such as language, religion.

A

Cultural boundary

42
Q

A boundary that was created before human settlement.

A

Antecedent Boundary

43
Q

A modified boundary that exists after Human Civilization

A

Subsequent boundary

44
Q

A state with one decision making body. It is more common in small states

A

Unitary state.

45
Q

A group of states that unite together for a common political purpose.

A

Confederation

46
Q

A state with a strong regional government that is interconnected to the central government. Most common in large states

A

Federal Government

47
Q

A state that has no access to an ocean, and is surrounded be other states.

A

Landlocked State

48
Q

A pact that ensures that the communist countries will protect each other in case of attacks.

A

Warsaw pact

49
Q

An allience of three or more countries that want to achieve a common goal in terms of military, economic or social reasons.

A

Supranationalism

50
Q

Military alliance composing of 16 democratic states in W. Europe and North America.

A

NATO

51
Q

Explain What is the European Union.

A
  • Created in 1958 to recover from WWII
  • Promote democracy in Europe
  • European countries unite together to create a powerful market for Europe.
  • Provides money to countries who are lagging behind.
52
Q

What is the UN? When did it start?

A
  • Created in 1945
  • Goal: Maintain international peace ans solve economic, social and cultural problems worldwide.
  • Puts Sanctions on countries who are violating peace and order.
53
Q

What are the problems with the UN?

A

There is no army to enforce their laws.
Too much bureaucracy
Security force does not apply to all countries.

54
Q

A boundary in which there is no political control. It is usually present during conflicts.

A

Frontier

55
Q

A state that in which its length outmatches its width. Chile.

A

Elongated state

56
Q

A state that has equal distance from capital to boundary.

A

Compact state

57
Q

A state that completely surrounds another.

A

Perforated State

58
Q

Where does the british colonize and imperialize?

A

Atleast a country on every continent. “The sun never sets on the British Empire”

59
Q

What are Poland’s political changes?

A

They are transition from a unitary state to a Federal state.

60
Q

How does terrorism differ from other political conflicts?

A

Terrorism is aimed at innocent people.

61
Q

What is Korea’s political divide?

A

The 38th parallel divided Korea to north and south. The north is strict communist dictatorship.

62
Q

What is Cyprus Conflict?

A

A conflict of Greece and Turkey fighting over ownership of Cyprus. Cyprus is now split into a Greek section and A Turkish Section that is separated by a UN buffer zone.

63
Q

A time period where a wave of African Americans migrate north for Jobs.Then, blacks started to live in these areas.

A

Great migration. (1910-1970)

64
Q

A cultural tradition of a person

A

Ethnicity

65
Q

Where are ethnic groups clustered in the US?

A

Mexicans in the south west, Asians in California, African Americans in the southeast.

AP Human Geography (6 decks)

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