Political factors Flashcards
Conflict and development
Development depends on the bedrock of peace. The centrality of peace and stability as a foundation for development has been aptly reiterated and stressed upon by the UN
How can peace and stability promote development?
Developed countries are often peaceful and stable, meaning there is relatively little violence or conflict in these states. A stable government is necessary for appropriate decision making and employing policies that are beneficial for development. Stability also leads to inflows of FDI, as people seek security for their assets
How can peace and stability inhibit development?
Conflicts destroy the social, economic, political and cultural fabric of society through a trail of ill effects such as loss of life, forced migration, damage to energy infrastructure (which may force countries to switch to less sustainable alternatives – Liberia)
Instability and war deprives governments the ability to provide relief, as most funds are allocated to military or policing. Wars also increase vulnerability to famine.
Erodes trust and attractiveness of investment destinations and trade partners (capital flight) – both of which are an intrinsic part of economic growth/development
Proven that poverty continues to persist in countries plagued by violence
Governance: accountability and transparency
Much of a country’s development is related to matters concerning governance (i.e stability, accountability, transparency, legal frameworks). This means the actions of government officials can be reviewed by the public or an independent body. The purpose here is to prevent corrupt government officials from personally benefiting from their office. Developed states also have a powerful and independent judicial system that impartially reviews the legality of the government’s actions. A state that does not have an independent judiciary may be more vulnerable to corruption.
How can accountability and transparency promote development?
Governments and leaders who have a positive approach towards an accountable and transparent system with a strong and efficient bureaucracy are known to have an accelerated growth rate
High levels of government transparency can be associated with low corruption levels in the public sector. This means that the population can trust that the government and public sector act in their best interests. Tax revenue will most likely be reallocated efficiently, improving infrastructure, healthcare, education and other desirable services. This will likely lead to improvements in development
How can accountability and transparency inhibit development?
Low levels of government transparency can be associated with high corruption levels in the public sector. Corruption erodes the trust people have in the public sector to act and represent their best interests. It misallocates taxes and other revenues leading to little or no improvement in infrastructure, healthcare or education. Finally, lack of an independent judiciary means that courts will likely not act impartially, making unfair or unjust decisions due to influence by outside sources.
