Definitions of development Flashcards
Development
A sustained increase in the standard of living in a society
Maslow’s
shows a progression from basic human needs (i.e water) at the bottom of the hierarchy, to higher needs (relationships, self-esteem) further up the hierarchy.
The goal is self actualization (i.e achieving one’s potential), but this can not be achieved if the bottom levels are not secure.
Contested essence of development
Conventionally, development was simply used in the context of economic growth and technological advancement
While development is intrinsically linked to economic growth and a well managed economy, it is too simplistic to say that higher income states are more developed.
Social and political factors, like human rights and democracy, are equally important in development.
For development to occur, economic growth should translate into improved quality of life for people in every area of society.
Similarly, it also has to be sustainable – that is, endure for future generations
Economic development
Refers to economic growth. The aim is to increase productivity and revenue, to establish new industries; innovate and diversify the economy into many different sectors.
This would ordinarily mean an increase in GDP/GNP, and overall standard of living
Not so much about money as it is about value and productivity
Human Development
The process of enlarging people’s freedoms and opportunities, as well as improving their well-being; in a way that enables them to:
Lead longer, healthier lives
Gain knowledge
Have a comfortable standard of living
Why might an increase in GDP not translate to improved standard of living?
The poor may not be able to enjoy the benefits of this increase in income due to income disparities, Weak governance, absence of a government inclined to assist the poor, High levels of corruption
Process of human development
1) building and improving human capabilities through ensuring good nutrition, education and sharpening skills
2) making sure that these honed skills are used to acquire better employment or participate actively in political decision-making
Sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Concept of sustainable development
stresses the need to balance the three interlinked areas – social, economic and environmental.
The idea is to foster social and economic development while ensuring environmental protection for future generations
Sustainable development stress the need to eliminate poverty, alter consumption patterns and protect natural resources in the process of economic and social development
