Political Factors

Question 1

What is legislation?

Answer 1

Legislation is…
Laws made by a government
e.g. UK Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

Question 2

What is regulation?

Answer 2

Regulations are…
Rules set and monitored by an administrative body
e.g. UK trading Standards Institute

Question 3

What is Health and Safety Laws and give an example

Answer 3

Health and Safety Laws ensures employees and tourists are safe.
UK Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

Question 4

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage for Health and Safety laws

Answer 4

Advantage- Visitors to UK are kept safe
Disadvantage- How well organisations follow laws varies

Question 5

What is employment law and give an example?

Answer 5

Employment laws ensure employees are protected by federal laws.
Example- USA Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Question 6

describe one advantage and one disadvantage for employment laws

Answer 6

Advantage- ensures people are protected against discrimination and unfair treatment by managers and co-workers

Disadvantage- Companies with fewer than 15 employees do not have to follow laws

Question 7

What is planning laws and give an example

Answer 7

Planning laws help to…
Protect sites from tourism developments that would detract from the character.
UNESCO- World Heritage Sites e.g. Hadrian’s Wall

Question 8

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage for visitor security

Answer 8

Advantage- Helps police monitor borders
Disadvantage- Increases waiting times at airports

Question 9

One reason for legislation is visitor security.
What is visitor security and provide one example

Answer 9

Visitor security is…
National identity laws

Example- All foreign visitors to France must carry a passport or national identity card

Question 10

One reason for legislation is equality
What is equality and provide one example

Answer 10

Equality legislation..
Ensures equal rights for all people in countries including visitors
Example- Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1996

Question 11

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage for equality

Answer 11

Advantage- discrimination based on colour, race etc. is illegal

Disadvantage- laws applied inconsistently

Question 12

One reason for legislation is customer financial protection
What is customer financial protection and provide one example

Answer 12

Customer financial protection is…
To protect consumer rights when booking a package holiday
Example- Package Travel Regulations

Question 13

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage for customer financial protection

Answer 13

Advantage- customers can claim refunds or compensation

Disadvantage- only those who book package holidays are protected by ATOL

Question 14

One reason for legislation is developing services and facilities
What is developing services an facilities and provide one example

Answer 14

Developing services and facilities is…
An act of parliament to provide for the development of sustainable tourism
Example- Tourism Act 2011 (Kenya)

Question 15

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage for developing services and facilities

Answer 15

Advantage- Encourages tourism development which generates income and creates jobs

Disadvantage- All-inclusive visitors are less likely to spend money in the local area

Question 16

One reason for legislation is controlling development
What is controlling development and provide one example

Answer 16

Controlled development is…
Where the national or local government can agree or disagree to new developments being created.
Example- Barcelona’s licensing laws- in 2017 local government banned new hotels and Airbnb’s opening in the city centre

Question 17

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage for controlled development

Answer 17

Advantage- Helps to preserve the character of historic centre

Disadvantage- Leads to a shortage of accommodation

Question 18

Describe hoe passport and visa/entry affect visitor numbers

Answer 18

Passport and visa entry requirements
All outbound tourists from the UK need a passport which costs money.
If visiting the USA, British visitors need to apply through the Visa Waiver Programme which allow a visit of up to 90 days again adds money to the trip

Question 19

Describe one example of how government promotes tourism

Answer 19

Government funding and tax incentives
For every #1 the government invested in ‘Visit Britain’, visitors spent #21.
In Kenya to encourage domestic tourism the government has removed VAT on flights and park entrance fees

Question 20

Describe one example of political instability/civil unrest can disrupt tourism

Answer 20

Political instability, civil unrest
On August 12th 2019 political demonstrations in Hong Kong led to the cancellation of 224 flights.
In Tunisia in 2015 British tourists has to be repatriated (taken back to own country) by the RAF
Fuel price protests in France in 2018 resulted in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) advising visitors to avoid France.

Question 21

Describe one example of how war can disrupt tourism

Answer 21

War
As of March 2022, the FCO advised against travel to the Ukraine and travel to Israel is currently restricted

Question 22

Describe how trade, airport and taxes can disrupt tourism

Answer 22

Trade, airport and other taxes
Many countries have introduced an airport departure tax or air passenger duty (APD)
This cost is added to the cost of an air ticket