POLITICAL CONTEXT Flashcards
What are the three political influences that impacted the 19th century Philippines?
- Liberalism
- The impact of the Bourbon reforms
- The Cadiz constitution
Define Liberalism.
A philosophy that advocates individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise
What was the battle cry of the French Revolution?
‘Liberty, Equality and Fraternity’
What political structure did the French Revolution change in France?
From absolute monarchy to a more liberal government system
What movement against the Catholic Church gained strength in the 19th century?
Anti-clericalism
How did the opening of the Suez Canal impact the Philippines?
It eased the importation of liberal ideas and encouraged social interaction with liberal Spaniards and Europeans
Who was the first liberal governor general in the Philippines?
Gov. Gen. Carlos María De la Torre
What were some achievements of Governor De la Torre during his term?
- Encouraged freedom and abolished censorship
- Recognized freedom of speech and of the press
- Peacefully solved the land problem in Cavite
What were the main goals of the Bourbon Reforms?
- Curtail contraband commerce
- Reclaim control over transatlantic trade
- Restrict the church’s power
- Reform state finances
What was a significant limitation of the Bourbon Reforms in the Philippines?
The Philippines was far from Spain, making it hard to implement reforms effectively
When was the Cadiz Constitution promulgated?
March 1812
What principle did the Cadiz Constitution recognize regarding sovereignty?
Sovereignty comes from the people, not the king
What was established by the Cadiz Constitution in terms of voting rights?
Universal male suffrage
Who were the first delegates from the Philippines to the Cadiz Constitution?
Pedro Perez de Tagle and Jose Manuel Coretto
What did the Cadiz Constitution grant to its colonies?
Representation as provinces in the Spanish Cortes through deputies
What happened to the Cadiz Constitution in May 1814?
King Fernando VII declared it invalid and restored absolutism
True or False: The Cadiz Constitution successfully established a constitutional monarchy in the Philippines.
False
Fill in the blank: The Cadiz Constitution recognized the equality of all men and the individual liberty of the _______.
[citizen]
