ECONOMIC CONTEXT Flashcards
economic context in rizal’s era
end of galleon trade
opening of suez canal
rise of the export of the crop economy
monopolies in philippines
historical records prove that when spanish colonizers came to the Ph our locals have already been trading with
china
japan
siam
india
molucas
cambodia
in __the spanish government closed the ports in philippines and other countries except ___
1565
mexico
How did galleon trade born
in the 1565 spanish government closed the ports in philippines and other countries except mexico that give birth to manila acapulco trade
What was the time period of the Galleon Trade?
1565 to 1815
The Galleon Trade was a significant trade route between Manila and Acapulco.
Who discovered the return route from Cebu to Mexico?
Andres de Urdaneta
Urdaneta discovered the route under the leadership of Miguel Lopez de Legaspi.
What was the central income-generating business for Spanish colonists in the Philippines?
Galleon Trade
The trade facilitated economic growth for the Spanish in the Philippines.
Name three products that came to Mexico through the Galleon Trade.
- Mango de Manila
- Tamarind
- Rice
These were among the many goods exchanged during the trade.
What valuable items were brought into the Philippines during the return voyage?
- Guava
- Avocado
- Papaya
- Pineapple
- Horses
- Cattle
The exchange included numerous flora and fauna beneficial to the Philippines.
What cultural exchanges were a consequence of the Galleon Trade?
Intercultural exchanges between Asia, Spanish America, Europe, and Africa
This trade route facilitated the sharing of ideas and cultures.
Why did the Spaniards fear the Chinese migrants during the Galleon Trade?
Due to the large migration of Chinese and subsequent tensions
Fear led to taxation, segregation, and eventual massacres in the 17th century.
When did the Galleon Trade officially end?
September 14, 1815
The end coincided with Mexico’s war of independence.
What significant change occurred in the governance of the Philippines after the Galleon Trade?
Direct control by the Spanish Crown from Madrid
This shift improved administrative efficiency.
What impact did the opening of the Suez Canal have on travel from Spain to the Philippines?
Reduced travel time to 40 days
This made communication and trade more convenient.
What modern ideas did the Galleon Trade help introduce to the Philippines?
Liberal ideas
These ideas gradually inspired the movement for independence from Spain.
True or False: The Galleon Trade only benefited the Spanish colonists in the Philippines.
False
The trade had wide-reaching effects, benefiting various cultures and economies.
Fill in the blank: The Galleon Trade connected Manila with _______.
Acapulco
This connection was crucial for trans-Pacific trade.
What is the Suez Canal?
An artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
Constructed by the Suez Canal Company between 1859 and 1869 under French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps
When was the Suez Canal officially opened?
November 17, 1869
How did the opening of the Suez Canal affect travel time between Europe and the Philippines?
32 to 40 days
What significant advantage did the Suez Canal provide in commercial enterprises?
It enabled quicker travel and trade between Europe and East Asia
Who were the Filipino reformists influenced by the Suez Canal?
Jose Rizal and other Filipino ilustrados
What types of materials were expedited by the Suez Canal’s opening?
Commercial products, books, magazines, and newspapers with liberal ideas
What impact did Western liberal thinkers have on the Philippines after the opening of the Suez Canal?
Their political views entered the Philippines and influenced local reformists
How did the Suez Canal influence the education of Filipino ilustrados?
Encouraged them to pursue education abroad in European academic institutions
What era did the rise of the export of crop economy in the Philippines occur?
Nineteenth century
What was the primary focus of Spaniards in the Philippines during the Galleon Trade?
Maritime trading between Manila and Mexico
Fill in the blank: The opening of the Suez Canal enabled the growth of _______ among Filipinos.
[nationalistic desires]
What period did the Philippines develop an export crop economy after the Galleon Trade?
Between 1820 and 1870.
What products were produced for foreign markets in the Philippines during the export crop economy?
Sugar, Manila hemp, and coffee.
Where did the expanding Chinese population move to during the development of the export crop economy?
Into provinces that produced export crops, such as southeastern Luzon and the western Visayas.
Who motivated the development of the export crop industry in the Philippines?
North European and North American merchants.
What role did the Chinese play in the export crop economy?
They acted as agents to distribute imports and buy goods for export.
What was another main source of wealth during the post-Galleon era?
Monopoly contracting.
When were government monopoly contracts for revenue collection opened to foreigners?
After 1850.
Which profitable monopoly was created during the 1840s?
The opium monopoly.
What was the condition for the legalization of opium use by the Spanish government?
It was limited to Chinese.
What was the most controversial monopoly established in the Philippines?
The tobacco monopoly.
When was the Philippine tobacco industry placed under government control?
On March 1, 1782.
What was the purpose of the tobacco cultivation order in the provinces?
To increase government revenue since the annual subsidy was no longer sufficient to maintain the colony.
Which provinces were involved in the widespread cultivation of tobacco?
Cagayan Valley, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Isabela, Abra, Nueva Ecija, and Marinduque.
What restrictions were placed on local farmers regarding tobacco?
Farmers were required to sell their tobacco only to the government at a pre-designated price and were not allowed to keep any for personal use.
What were the consequences for violating the tobacco cultivation decrees?
Fines and/or physical punishments were sanctioned for anyone who transgressed the decrees.
What was the impact of the tobacco monopoly on government revenue?
The tobacco monopoly positively raised revenues for the government and made Philippine tobacco prominent in Asia and parts of Europe.
What negative effect did the tobacco monopoly have on agriculture?
It caused food shortages as the planting of basic crops like rice was neglected.
When was the tobacco monopoly abolished?
The tobacco monopoly was finally abolished in 1882.
What was the general sentiment of Filipinos regarding the tobacco monopoly?
A century of hardship and social injustice caused by the tobacco monopoly prompted Filipinos to seek freedom from colonial bondage.
