Political 205 Class 6 Deterrence and Statecraft Flashcards
what is fungibility
the ability to translate power from one issue to another issue area, such as using military power to negotiate trade terms (military not usually fungible) ex: U.S.-China Trade Relations and Military Posturing in the South China Sea
what is an issue linkage:
power fungible due to diverse interactions many different areas
what is spillover:
adv of one instrument of power such as security, gives credibility to states
why do economic sanctions (embargo and blockade) don’t work
1) state re usually able to shit the burden of suffering in disenfranchised or non-elite elements of society
2)scansions demanding losses of territory are believed, by the general population to be irreversible and cumulative, so are rarely concede
ex: cold War or US embargo on Cuba
When do sanctions work best
for pressuring minor policy changes
ex: The Iran Nuclear Deal (JCPOA) - Sanctions pressured Iran to negotiate and make policy changes in its nuclear program, leading to the 2015 agreement.
what are the 4 donations of force
1) defence (threats or active use of force to increase sate power or security, either by protecting a state against conquest or securing external objectives)
2) deterrence (threats of punishment or cost design to deter an opponent from making an offensive move)
3)compellence (threat or use of punishment t to force an opponent to reverse a previous action action taken)
4)swaggering (establishing reputations of capacity)
ex: During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union employed military strength, nuclear deterrence, strategic maneuvers, and geopolitical posturing to defend against threats, deter aggression, compel reversals of actions, and establish reputations of global influence.
what is rational capacity deterrence ? and what are the 3 thing needed top succeed ?
estimate of when deterrence fails or succeed
1)capacity
2) credibility
3)communication
ex: Nato deterrence during the Cold War
what is local deterrence
deterrence from the inside
ex; singapore 1965
extended deterrence
deter an attack upon an ally
ex: U.S. Extended Deterrence in NATO during the Cold War
what are the critics of rational deterrence theory
1) no way to tell if one state did not attack antler because it was successfully deterred or because it was simply did not not want to attack
2)deterrence does not explain many important cases because it cannot explain risk taking
ex: Korean War Armistice (1953)
