Class 20 Environment

Question 1

what are the 3 principals theoritical issues that emerges from environment

Answer 1

1.the origins, strength and directions of environment policies
ex: Example: “Environmental policies emerged post-World War II, gaining strength through legislation and public awareness, with a contemporary focus on sustainable development and climate change mitigation.”
ex; Climate change disproportionately affects vulnerable states, such as low-lying island nations facing rising sea levels and arid regions experiencing intensified droughts
2. distribution of climate change effects and the levels of vulnerability of state
3.levels and mechanics between states on environmental policies
ex: Paris Agreement, where states negotiate emissions reductions and commit to shared climate action goals

Question 2

what are the 2 crucial variable that have to do with the environment problem

Answer 2

1. degree which envrionemtal issues can be solved, assuming good cooperation
   ex: Environmental issues, such as climate change and biodiversity loss, hold significant potential for resolution with global cooperation, as seen in collaborative efforts like the Montreal Protocol that successfully addressed ozone depletion.
2. the degree to which environmental issues exacerbate resources scarcity issues.
   example Environmental issues, including deforestation and water depletion, exacerbate resource scarcity, as witnessed in regions where ecosystem degradation intensifies competition for dwindling resources, leading to heightened social and economic challenges.”

Question 3

The Tragedy of the commons

Answer 3

adding another cow leads to race with other farmer acceleration of the erosion of the land. Answer is to privatize or collective enforcement
ex: United Nations Frame work on the Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), agreement are made difficult by disagreements over the distribution of cost (who pays to maintain the equity of the system)

Question 4

what are epistemic communities

Answer 4

non-governemntal issue speacilits with domestic and international reach, who can influence policy
ex:An epistemic community of forestry scientists, conservation biologists, and environmental economists collaborated to analyze deforestation causes and effects, proposing evidence-based solutions such as sustainable forestry practices and protected areas.