Policy and Advocacy Exam 1 Flashcards
6 stages of Policy Practice
- Getting Involved - psychological readiness to expand energy, time and possibly other resources in the pursuit for social justice.
- Understanding the Issue - knowing what the issue is, who is involved, what causes the issue, and how the solutions will lead to social justice.
- Planning - the detailing of actions needed to make the preferred solution that will eventually succeed the topic that is being advocated.
- Advocating - speaking to a higher power all the things and tactics that was decided during the planning stage.
- Evaluating - Keep a track of level of success
- Ongoing Monitoring - Following up at a later time to ensure that client progress is maintained.
Distributive Justice
What society owes it’s members.
justified distribution of benefits and burdens in society
Egalitarian View
Resources should be spread relatively evenly across the entire citizenry as a matter of right.
Fairness Model
Model that supports Egalitarian view of Distributive Justice
Libertarian View
An unequal distribution of resources is better because it reflects differences in ability and effort
Market Model
Model that supports the Libertarian View of Distributive Justice
John Rawls
Argues the people will want to create the fairest set of rules possible, if only to protect themselves from being placed into a very difficult situation.
Homo Civicus
person that may become active in politics when danger is perceived but when danger passes, they are counted on to revert back to normal preoccupation
Homo Politicus
deliberately allocates a very sizable share of his resources to the processes of gaining and maintaining control over the policies of government.
Apathetic
33% of American Public that obey laws but otherwise do not expose themselves to political stimuli and are generally unaware of the political world.
Spectators
60% of American Public participate in basic civic activities but do little else.
They vote, initiate political discussions, may have a bumper sticker or button, and may sway the votes of family and friends
Gladiators
7% of American Public that live and breathe politics
Pragmatic Approach
Advocates would only be interested in understanding an issue when there is disagreement about how the issue should be handled and when there are other ways to handle the problem than the one currently being used.
Win-Win Approach
To create an alternate policy that restructures the current situation to make it both more equitable and more efficient.
White Hat
Rational Style
Data Analysis and historical interpolation are key methods of understanding
Red Hat
Intuitive Style
Emotion, Subjectivity, and Gut reactions are the key methods of understanding the situation.
Black Hat
Negative Style
Negatives of the situation or proposed solution are brought out.
Yellow Hat
Optimistic Style
Emphasis is on the possible benefits of the proposal and the value of the idea
Green Hat
Creative Style
Emphasis is on seeing the situation in different ways.
Blue Hat
Conductors Style
To decide how the decision process for meeting should be structured.
Social Justice Scorecard
A scorecard that lists possible solutions and possible outcomes for each solution for a problem that an individual or a community faces that one advocates for. There are usually two alternative strategies with an option of “do nothing.” It’s rated by Low, Medium, and High.
The Advocacy Map “Kellogg”
an organized and succinct way to show the connections between what you plan to do and what you want to accomplish.
Grassroots Star of Influence
Voting - By becoming a voter to a particular bill, the bill becomes a priority.
Contributing - By keeping around the people that are contributing to a certain bill, you are important to the elected officials.
Volunteering - By volunteering, you become valuable because cash is limited and there is always help when it comes to campaigning.
Visibility - By being visible, it influences the voters and contributors to stick around. Leading by example will always have you known by the community and the elected official.
Communication - Elected officials depend on your communication with them to keep up with your ideas of interest.
Grassroots Drive-In
By convincing your own representative to work on the issues you both care about, it’s up to you and your representative to get lawmakers to move forward with your issue.
Formal Argument and Personal Story
Statistics that contain facts and compelling statements that make you think versus a story that touches the heart and shows a real life experience and shows how it affects
Interest Groups
Groups that can help educate and influence the government in a given issue.
Special Interest Groups - groups that fight for the narrow interests of their membership
Public Interest Groups - groups that fight on behalf of good government for everyone’s benefit
Action Alerts
A brief 1-2 page notice that urges you (and others) to take immediate action on a specific bill, usually by calling or writing to your officials
Actions of Legislative Agenda: Support
You want the bill to become law as written
Actions of Legislative Agenda: Oppose
You do not want the bill to become law as written
Actions of Legislative Agenda: Amend
You would support the bill if some changes were made to the legislation as it is currently written
Actions of Legislative Agenda: Watch
You might be interested in the bill but have no personal time to support or oppose it, or it may be that the bill would be dangerous but is so unpopular that it does not immediately require your advocacy efforts that can be more helpfully applied elsewhere.
Opposition Research
Knowing and understanding the ideas of the groups that may oppose or not completely agree with your ideas that you are trying to advocate for.
By viewing the opposition as another set of ideas and to focus on the issues instead of the people can help provide constructive responses instead of giving the idea that you are threatened.
Genuinely understand them and listen to their every idea.
Oppose the Opposition
Acknowledge their Arguments - Accurately and impersonally state any strong arguments that your opposition uses.
Analyze Their Arguments - Do they rely on their emotional appeal? Are their statistics correctly stated? what legislators will respond? Are the news media attracted to this argument?
Counteract their Arguments - Use a personal Story, Question Statistics, Provide alternative statistics, co-opt their concerns, shift basis of their argument to a more sympathetic aspect, dispassionately label the opposition as irrational if they objectively are.
Community Organizer
Lives with and within the tension of change and challenges citizens to confront this tension and schemes with the people to push the political world in the direction it intends to go.
Public Engagement
Having the public in tuned to the issues. The community organizers work hard to get the people on their side and to make people involved.
Citizen’s Power Organization
When the Citizens have the ability to act on a whole range of issues in a variety of ways
Saul Alinksy
An extraordinary effective tactician, writer, speaker, and gadfly. He was the first theorist and exponent of citizens organizing in urban communities.
Individual Meeting
Allow people to break out of the kinds of relational ruts that limit us all
Meet face to face and to keep safety in mind.
Introductory Action
Each action involved specific issues that needed resolution.
Rounds
Checking in with people
Base Building
A period of building connections and networking over time
Situation vs Problem
Not every situation is a problem, but every problem you must define the solution.
“Fix”
People already made the decision but are presenting it in a fancy way
Direct Public Action
Actions that involved issues that concern the public.
Corporate Identity
Seeing yourself not as an individual but as part of a higher organization.
Drug-Free Work Place Testing
Drug tests before you get a job.
Unskilled Labor
Generally characterized by low education levels and small wages. Work that requires no specific education or experience is often available to workers who fall into the unskilled labor force.
Tipped Employees, Fair Labor Standards Act
This is the federal mandate that makes a 44 hour work week and requires a minimum wage. However, if a worker is tipped and they make over $30 a month then they are allowed to be paid less than minimum wage. If employees make less than minimum wage with their tips than the employers are to make up the difference.
Minimum Wage: Federal and State
Federal - the lowest that a state can made minimum wage.
State - is obviously dictated by the state.
Homelessness
Some living in Hotels, Some in hotels because they can’t make payments. Many people end up being homeless.
People who are not able to afford a house or an apartment, often resort to a hotel or the street.
Working Poor
People who are poor even though they work full time but are paid so little that they are still below the poverty line.
Labor Unions
Employees center their activity on collective bargaining with the employers for better wages, benefits, and working conditions.
Bathroom and Rest Breaks
Workers were not allowed regular rest breaks or to go to the bathroom in the book. She talks about how it was difficult to have time for the bathroom and the supervisors wouldn’t be happy if they were taking so many breaks.
Multiple Job-Holders
2% of people hold full time job. Most poor people have two part time jobs.
6.2% of the work force.
Mother’s Shifts
Hours that the kids are in schools so that the mother’s can work.
They may also be late at night while the children are sleeping.
Personality Testing
Personality tests can help getting a particular job.
Poverty Level
Poverty Threshold: $223 a week
Feminization of Poverty
Poverty that has a tendency to hit women because of single motherhood and the fact that women get paid less then men.
