Policy and Advocacy Exam 1

Question 1

6 stages of Policy Practice

Answer 1

1. Getting Involved - psychological readiness to expand energy, time and possibly other resources in the pursuit for social justice.
2. Understanding the Issue - knowing what the issue is, who is involved, what causes the issue, and how the solutions will lead to social justice.
3. Planning - the detailing of actions needed to make the preferred solution that will eventually succeed the topic that is being advocated.
4. Advocating - speaking to a higher power all the things and tactics that was decided during the planning stage.
5. Evaluating - Keep a track of level of success
6. Ongoing Monitoring - Following up at a later time to ensure that client progress is maintained.

Question 2

Distributive Justice

Answer 2

What society owes it’s members.

justified distribution of benefits and burdens in society

Question 3

Egalitarian View

Answer 3

Resources should be spread relatively evenly across the entire citizenry as a matter of right.

Question 4

Fairness Model

Answer 4

Model that supports Egalitarian view of Distributive Justice

Question 5

Libertarian View

Answer 5

An unequal distribution of resources is better because it reflects differences in ability and effort

Question 6

Market Model

Answer 6

Model that supports the Libertarian View of Distributive Justice

Question 7

John Rawls

Answer 7

Argues the people will want to create the fairest set of rules possible, if only to protect themselves from being placed into a very difficult situation.

Question 8

Homo Civicus

Answer 8

person that may become active in politics when danger is perceived but when danger passes, they are counted on to revert back to normal preoccupation

Question 9

Homo Politicus

Answer 9

deliberately allocates a very sizable share of his resources to the processes of gaining and maintaining control over the policies of government.

Question 10

Apathetic

Answer 10

33% of American Public that obey laws but otherwise do not expose themselves to political stimuli and are generally unaware of the political world.

Question 11

Spectators

Answer 11

60% of American Public participate in basic civic activities but do little else.

They vote, initiate political discussions, may have a bumper sticker or button, and may sway the votes of family and friends

Question 12

Gladiators

Answer 12

7% of American Public that live and breathe politics

Question 13

Pragmatic Approach

Answer 13

Advocates would only be interested in understanding an issue when there is disagreement about how the issue should be handled and when there are other ways to handle the problem than the one currently being used.

Question 14

Win-Win Approach

Answer 14

To create an alternate policy that restructures the current situation to make it both more equitable and more efficient.

Question 15

White Hat

Answer 15

Rational Style

Data Analysis and historical interpolation are key methods of understanding

Question 16

Red Hat

Answer 16

Intuitive Style

Emotion, Subjectivity, and Gut reactions are the key methods of understanding the situation.

Question 17

Black Hat

Answer 17

Negative Style

Negatives of the situation or proposed solution are brought out.

Question 18

Yellow Hat

Answer 18

Optimistic Style

Emphasis is on the possible benefits of the proposal and the value of the idea

Question 19

Green Hat

Answer 19

Creative Style

Emphasis is on seeing the situation in different ways.

Question 20

Blue Hat

Answer 20

Conductors Style

To decide how the decision process for meeting should be structured.

Question 21

Social Justice Scorecard

Answer 21

A scorecard that lists possible solutions and possible outcomes for each solution for a problem that an individual or a community faces that one advocates for. There are usually two alternative strategies with an option of “do nothing.” It’s rated by Low, Medium, and High.

Question 22

The Advocacy Map “Kellogg”

Answer 22

an organized and succinct way to show the connections between what you plan to do and what you want to accomplish.

Question 23

Grassroots Star of Influence

Answer 23

Voting - By becoming a voter to a particular bill, the bill becomes a priority.

Contributing - By keeping around the people that are contributing to a certain bill, you are important to the elected officials.

Volunteering - By volunteering, you become valuable because cash is limited and there is always help when it comes to campaigning.

Visibility - By being visible, it influences the voters and contributors to stick around. Leading by example will always have you known by the community and the elected official.

Communication - Elected officials depend on your communication with them to keep up with your ideas of interest.

Question 24

Grassroots Drive-In

Answer 24

By convincing your own representative to work on the issues you both care about, it’s up to you and your representative to get lawmakers to move forward with your issue.

Question 25

Formal Argument and Personal Story

Answer 25

Statistics that contain facts and compelling statements that make you think versus a story that touches the heart and shows a real life experience and shows how it affects

Question 26

Interest Groups

Answer 26

Groups that can help educate and influence the government in a given issue.

Special Interest Groups - groups that fight for the narrow interests of their membership

Public Interest Groups - groups that fight on behalf of good government for everyone’s benefit

Question 27

Action Alerts

Answer 27

A brief 1-2 page notice that urges you (and others) to take immediate action on a specific bill, usually by calling or writing to your officials

Question 28

Actions of Legislative Agenda: Support

Answer 28

You want the bill to become law as written

Question 29

Actions of Legislative Agenda: Oppose

Answer 29

You do not want the bill to become law as written

Question 30

Actions of Legislative Agenda: Amend

Answer 30

You would support the bill if some changes were made to the legislation as it is currently written

Question 31

Actions of Legislative Agenda: Watch

Answer 31

You might be interested in the bill but have no personal time to support or oppose it, or it may be that the bill would be dangerous but is so unpopular that it does not immediately require your advocacy efforts that can be more helpfully applied elsewhere.

Question 32

Opposition Research

Answer 32

Knowing and understanding the ideas of the groups that may oppose or not completely agree with your ideas that you are trying to advocate for.

By viewing the opposition as another set of ideas and to focus on the issues instead of the people can help provide constructive responses instead of giving the idea that you are threatened.

Genuinely understand them and listen to their every idea.

Question 33

Oppose the Opposition

Answer 33

Acknowledge their Arguments - Accurately and impersonally state any strong arguments that your opposition uses.

Analyze Their Arguments - Do they rely on their emotional appeal? Are their statistics correctly stated? what legislators will respond? Are the news media attracted to this argument?

Counteract their Arguments - Use a personal Story, Question Statistics, Provide alternative statistics, co-opt their concerns, shift basis of their argument to a more sympathetic aspect, dispassionately label the opposition as irrational if they objectively are.

Question 34

Community Organizer

Answer 34

Lives with and within the tension of change and challenges citizens to confront this tension and schemes with the people to push the political world in the direction it intends to go.

Question 35

Public Engagement

Answer 35

Having the public in tuned to the issues. The community organizers work hard to get the people on their side and to make people involved.

Question 36

Citizen’s Power Organization

Answer 36

When the Citizens have the ability to act on a whole range of issues in a variety of ways

Question 37

Saul Alinksy

Answer 37

An extraordinary effective tactician, writer, speaker, and gadfly. He was the first theorist and exponent of citizens organizing in urban communities.

Question 38

Individual Meeting

Answer 38

Allow people to break out of the kinds of relational ruts that limit us all

Meet face to face and to keep safety in mind.

Question 39

Introductory Action

Answer 39

Each action involved specific issues that needed resolution.

Question 40

Rounds

Answer 40

Checking in with people

Question 41

Base Building

Answer 41

A period of building connections and networking over time

Question 42

Situation vs Problem

Answer 42

Not every situation is a problem, but every problem you must define the solution.

Question 43

“Fix”

Answer 43

People already made the decision but are presenting it in a fancy way

Question 44

Direct Public Action

Answer 44

Actions that involved issues that concern the public.

Question 45

Corporate Identity

Answer 45

Seeing yourself not as an individual but as part of a higher organization.

Question 46

Drug-Free Work Place Testing

Answer 46

Drug tests before you get a job.

Question 47

Unskilled Labor

Answer 47

Generally characterized by low education levels and small wages. Work that requires no specific education or experience is often available to workers who fall into the unskilled labor force.

Question 48

Tipped Employees, Fair Labor Standards Act

Answer 48

This is the federal mandate that makes a 44 hour work week and requires a minimum wage. However, if a worker is tipped and they make over $30 a month then they are allowed to be paid less than minimum wage. If employees make less than minimum wage with their tips than the employers are to make up the difference.

Question 49

Minimum Wage: Federal and State

Answer 49

Federal - the lowest that a state can made minimum wage.

State - is obviously dictated by the state.

Question 50

Homelessness

Answer 50

Some living in Hotels, Some in hotels because they can’t make payments. Many people end up being homeless.

People who are not able to afford a house or an apartment, often resort to a hotel or the street.

Question 51

Working Poor

Answer 51

People who are poor even though they work full time but are paid so little that they are still below the poverty line.

Question 52

Labor Unions

Answer 52

Employees center their activity on collective bargaining with the employers for better wages, benefits, and working conditions.

Question 53

Bathroom and Rest Breaks

Answer 53

Workers were not allowed regular rest breaks or to go to the bathroom in the book. She talks about how it was difficult to have time for the bathroom and the supervisors wouldn’t be happy if they were taking so many breaks.

Question 54

Multiple Job-Holders

Answer 54

2% of people hold full time job. Most poor people have two part time jobs.

6.2% of the work force.

Question 55

Mother’s Shifts

Answer 55

Hours that the kids are in schools so that the mother’s can work.

They may also be late at night while the children are sleeping.

Question 56

Personality Testing

Answer 56

Personality tests can help getting a particular job.

Question 57

Poverty Level

Answer 57

Poverty Threshold: $223 a week

Question 58

Feminization of Poverty

Answer 58

Poverty that has a tendency to hit women because of single motherhood and the fact that women get paid less then men.