Human Sexuality Final Flashcards
Margaret Sanger
An American birth control activist, sex educator, and nurse.
Popularized the term birth control and opened the first birth control clinic in the United States
Vasectomy
A surgical procedure when the Vas Deferens is cut and the man is unable to include sperm in his semen.
Has a 99% chance of a woman not getting pregnant from this procedue.
Fertility
The quality of being capable to produce offspring.
60% of couples become pregnant within 3 months.
50% of all pregnancies are unplanned.
Ovulation
The process that the egg travels down the Fallopian tube where it may be met by a sperm and become fertilized.
Spermicide
A substance that kills sperm, used as a contraceptive
Condom
A thin rubber sheath worn on a man’s penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as protection against infection.
Diaphragm
A cervical barrier type of birth control.
It is a soft latex or silicone dome with a spring molded into the rim.
The spring creates a seal against the walls of the vagina.
Religion and Contraceptives
SDA view of abortion is that reasons of birth control, gender selection, and convenience are not appropriate.
However, the church does understand situations where the woman has exceptional circumstances such as rape, threats against the woman’s or child’s life. In that case it would ultimately be the woman’s choice after the appropriate consultation.
Other religions don’t allow contraceptives, especially Catholicism.
Depo-Provera
A well-known brand name for medroxyprogesterone acetate, a contraceptive injection for women that contains the hormone progestin.
Depo-Provera is given as an injection once every three months.
Depo-Provera typically suppresses ovulation, keeping your ovaries from releasing an egg. Depo-Provera also thickens cervical mucus to keep sperm from reaching the egg.
IUD
An IUD is a small, T-shaped plastic device that is wrapped in copper or contains hormones.
It is inserted into the uterus by a doctor, and pulled out by the doctor, used to prevent fertilization of the egg by damaging or killing sperm.
Mucus Method
Having sex on these days gives the female partner the highest chance to get pregnant.
Before ovulation, there is a time period where mucus is made in the vagina so that sperm can be carried more easily to the eggs for a higher chance of fertilization.
Rhythm method
Having sex on the days that the female partner generally would not be fertile.
This is opposite of the mucus method and that you want to have sex during the mucus patterns and ovulation in the event of wanting to get pregnant.
Have sex on these days for the highest chance to not get pregnant.
Tubal Sterilization
Surgical procedure that clamps and blocks the Fallopian tubes to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus for fertilization.
Has a 99% chance of the woman not getting pregnant.
Female fertility problems
Increase in fertility is correlated to increase in age of mother.
20% of cases are tied to ovulation problems
Physical or cervical problems
In vitro ferilization
Process by which an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body.
Artifical Insemination
Ways of introducing a sperm to the vagina by any means other than sexual intercourse so that pregnancy can be achieved.
Medical Abortion
A non-surgical abortion in which abortifaciet pharmaceutical drugs are used to induce abortion.
Preparation is the abortion pill.
Dilation and Evacuation
Dilation (widening) of the cervix and evacuating the contents of the uterus.
Vacuum Aspiration
Uses aspiration to remove contents from the uterus by means of suction.
Therapeutic method procedure after miscarriage.
Late Term Abortions
Abortions that are performed in the later stages of pregnancy.
Are generally more controversial because the fetus is more developed and sometimes viable.
Pro-choice
Advocates the right for women to have the choice whether to have an abortion or not.
Pro-Life
The anti-Abortion movement that tries the ban the choice of an abortion
Fernand Lamaze
A French obstetrician, most famous as the popularizer of psychoprophylaxis, a method of childbirth preparation and pain management that has come to bear his name.
Cesarean section
Also known as a C-section, which is a surgical procedure in which one or more incisions are made through the abdomen and the uterus to deliver one or more babies.
Hypoactive sexual desire
Lack of interest in sexual activity
Most common
Usually temporary
Both Biological and Psychosocial causes
Sexual aversion disorder
Extreme, irrational fear of sexual activity
Female genital sexual arousal disorder
Inhibited lubrication
Male Orgasmic Disorder - Male coital anorgasmia
difficulty with orgasm during intercourse.
Vaginismus
An involuntary spasm of the muscles surrounding the vagina.
Erectile dysfunction
Lack of an erection or maintaining one, for at least 3 months.
Occurs in one of five men older than 20 years
Caused by combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.
Female Orgasmic Disorder - anorgasmia
absence of orgasm
Younger and unmarried women most likely to experience difficulty with orgasm.
Male Orgasmic Disorder - Partner anorgasmia
difficulty with orgasm by partner manual and oral stimulation.
Female Orgasmic Disorder - Rapid Female Orgasm
Females have multiple orgasms much too quickly than normal.
Paraphilia
uncommon sexual expression
Non-coercive paraphilias
Activity that does not violate the rights of another individual and does not cause harm to anyone.
Coercive paraphilias
Activity that violates the rights of another individual because they involve unwilling participants and cause harm to the victims.
Fetish
A sexual preference for a nonhuman object or a body part that most members of a culture do not consider sexual
Chlamydia
Most prevalent STI
Few or no presenting symptoms
Incident rate 5x higher for women
Symptoms of Chlamydia: Women
Infection of mucosa of lower reproductive tract (mild irritation or itching, buring, slight discharge)
Infection of upper reproductive tract (PID)
(Pain, fever, headache, nausea)
Symptoms of Chlamydia: Men
Epididymitis; nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
Heaviness in testies; small, hard, painful swelling in testies; inflamed scrotum
Gonorrhea
Highly contagious
“likes” warm wet places
Symptoms of Gonorrhea: Women
80% no early symptoms
Yellow-green discharge
Vulva irritation
Symptoms of Gonorrhea: Men
Discharge
Burning
Swelling
Syphilis Phases: Primary
Red, painless chancre
Syphilis Phases: Secondary
Painless, non-itching skin rash, flu-like symptoms
Syphilis Phases: Latent
No observable symptoms
Syphilis Phases: Tertiary
Severe disorder, death
Syphilis
Bacterial STI that is transferred through sexual contact, also be from mother to fetus during pregnancy or birth
Sadism
Receiving pleasure as a result of inflicting pain, cruelty, degradation, humiliation, or watching such behaviors inflicted on others.
Scabies
A contagious skin infection caused by the mite Sarciotes scabiei.
The mite is usually not seen by the human eye and causes an intense allergic itching.
Highly contageous
Oral Contraceptives - origins
First introduced to the public in the 1960s.
Synthetic hormones that mimic the way estrogen and progesterone work in the body.
Back up methods
Pan B - prevents fertilization of the egg
Commonly called the morning after pill
Taken up to 5 days from unprotected sex
Oral Contraceptives
Combination Pill [92%/99.7%]
Seasonale [98%/99.9%]
Progestin only [92%/99%]
How to take care of of Condom
Store them away from heat and light Check for latex allergies Check the expiration date Be careful in opening the package Do not use oil based lubricants Do not unroll before use
Pregnancy
40 weeks or 9 months First trimester (months 1-3) Second trimester (months 4-6) Third Trimester (months 7-9)
Generalized sexual problems
A problem that occurs in virtually all settings
Situational sexual problem
A problem that only occurs in specific settings.
Ovulation
occurs when a mature egg is released from the ovary pushed down the fallopian tube, and is available to be fertilized. The lining of the uterus has thickened to prepare for a fertilized egg. If no conception occurs, the uterine lining as well as blood will be shed. The shedding is the time for menstration.
Sensate Focus
A sex therapy technique that requires a couple to redirect emphasis away from intercourse and focus on their capacity for mutual sensuality.
Disability and sexual function
Disabilities can often lead to reduced sexual function, sex therapy can often help.
Premature Ejaculation
Occurs when a male experiences orgasm and expels semen after sexual activity with minimal penile stimulation.
20-30% of men (ages 18-59) repeatedly experience PE
Treatment Techniques for PE
Sensate focus
Squeeze technique - stimulation until man is close to ejaculation, then squeezing the tip of penis to make him lose the urge to ejaculate, then continuing stimulation after 30 seconds.
Sex Therapist
Sex therapy is a strategy for the treatment of sexual dysfunction when there is no medical etiology (physiological), or as a complement to medical treatment.
Herpres Simplex Virus
HSV types 1 & 2
Transmitted even when no blisters present
20-25% of Americans have HSV-2
May or may not be recurrent
Symptoms of Herpes
- Painful, red bumps develop into blisters that rupture and form sores
- swollen lymph nodes
- headache
- fever
- muscle aches
Consequences of Herpes
- Risk for cervical cancer
- Newborn infected during delivery may die or suffer severe damage
- Can cause eye infection
- Psychological distress
Treatment of Herpes
- Acyclovir may reduce length and severity of outbreak
- Valtrex and Famvir may reduce recurring attacks
- Suppressive therapy vs. episodic treatment
- Hygiene and stress reduction
- No cure; vaccine in development
Types of Hepatitis
A (commonly transmitted sexually)
B (more commonly transmitted sexually)
C (commonly transmitted through blood-contaminated needles)
C is most health threatening.
Hepatitis consequences
- Liver cancer
- 20-25% Hep C infected develop severe complications (liver failure)
- Death Treatment
- Bed rest and fluids
- Vaccines for Hep A and B
- Antiviral combination may help Hep C
Yeast infection
A vaginal yeast infection means that too many yeast cells are growing in the vagina
A yeast infection cause itching or soreness in the vagina and sometimes causes pain or burning when you urinate or have sex. Some women also have thick clumpy, white discharge that has no odor and looks a little like cottage cheese.
Public Lice
Commonly known as crabs
Quite common, especially prevalent among young 15- to 25-year old single people
Associated with presence of other STIs
Public Lice Symptoms
Little to severe itchiness
Public Lice Treatment
1 % permenthrin or pyrethrin lotion or cream
Launder clothes and sheets
Masochism
Sexual arousal and gratification that is associated with acts or fantasies of being hurt, humiliated, or otherwise made to suffer.
HIV
Type 1 and 2
Attacks the immune system
Must have a CD4 count of 200 to have AIDS
Prevalence of HIV
1.2 million in the US
20% are unaware that they are infected
40 million globally
Transmission by blood, vaginal secretions, semen, and breastmilk
HIV symptoms
Initial flu-like symptoms
Fevers, night sweats, chronic fatigue, diarrhea
Frequent infections
HIV treatment
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)
Earlier treatment
Complicated drug schedule
Side effects
Zidovudine and MTCT
Exhibitioism
Achieving sexual arousal and gratification by displaying one’s genitals to others without the victim’s consent.
Voyeurism
Secretly watching others undress or engage in sexual activities without their knowledge or consent for the purpose of achieving sexual arousal
Statutory Rape
Sexual activity in which one person is below the age require to legally consent to the behavior.
Rape Myths
- Women can’t be raped if they don’t want to be
- Women say no when they mean yes
- Many women “cry rape”
- All women want to be raped
- Rapists are obviously mentally ill
- Men can’t control their sexual urges
- Women can’t get pregnant from rape
Rape and War
Rape of enemy soldiers or civilians is often used as means of humiliating them, women seen as “spoils of war”
Incest
Child abuse with a relative
Pedophilia or molestation
with a non-relative
Pedophilia
uncontrollable sexual compulsions involving children
Erotica
Sexually explicit works expressing physical desire, passion, and attraction among people who freely choose to engage in sexual activities together.
Obscenity Standard - Supreme Court
Must appeal to prurient interest
Offend contemporary community standards
Lack serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value
Child pornography
Internet provides increased opportunities to take advantage of children
First gain child’s trust then try and arrange meeting
Prevention
Prostitution Laws
There is a discussion about prostitution laws in the US, because there are thoughts that are making it legal would better the lives of the prostitutes, giving them rights.
Hormone Contraceptives
Oral Contraceptives (the pill) Combination pill Seasonale Progestin only Patch Ring
