Policing beyond the state: Commercial policing Flashcards
Commercialised policing as part of an adaptive strategy
- ‘Adaptive’ responses in crime control: crime as a
risk to be managed rather than an enemy to be
defeated - Responsibilization: Deliberate redistribution of
responsibility for crime control to actors outside
of the CJS - Commercialization of justice
- New crime control ‘mentalities’: ‘Economic’ ways of
thinking about crime
What are the forms of commercial policing in the commercial security industry?
- security guarding: contract and in-house
- private investigators
- security equipment
- private military services
What does the commercial security industry do in commercial policing?
everything the public police do plus some more besides:
- crime investigation
- order maintenance
- public patrol/ reassurance
- emergency response
- law enforcement
- guarding prisoners
- range of service function
Rise of private security: who does the policing?
- growth of number in private policing agents: overtook employment of public policy in the 1960s
Rise of private security: where does policing occur?
- growing spatial remit of commercial security: now operating in public spaces
Rise of private security: what does policing involve?
- growing functional remit of commercial security, expansion in to core areas of public policing e.g. patrol, prisoner guarding, crime investigation
Rise of private security: how is the policing done?
- risk management and the expansion of new technologies and security hardware
What is the growth of commercial security?
- demand and supply
- government policy: privatisation of public policing functions
- mass private property
- late modernity and capitalist societies
Demand and supply for police: what % of cuts in 2010? what was the impact of these cuts?
- austerity: 20% cut in policing funding 2010-2019
- significant fall in police numbers after 2010: now being reversed
- but commercial policing continued to grow alongside massive expansion in public police resourcing up to 2010
Government policy: what privatisation of public policing are there?
- prisoner and court escort/guarding, detention officers, parking control
- major programmes of out sourcing
- statutory regulation of commercial security: the private security act 2001
Mass private property: Shearing and Stenning 1981
- private shopping centres, gated communities, leisure parks
- recent debates in UK about privatisation of public space e.g. garden bridge in London, Alexandra gardens in Cardiff
Growth of commercial security in late modernity and capitalist societies: Garland 2001
- risk and modernity
- commodification of policing
The privatisation of public space: policing new communal spaces
- shopping centres
- gated communities
- sports stadiums
Commercialised policing logics
- instrumental logic: focus on costs, efficiency, loss prevention
- forward looking, preventive and proactive
- hidden, consensual and embedded forms of policing: emphasis on new surveillance technologies, customer service
What are traditional policing logics?
- symbolic/ emotive and moral focus of traditional public policing
- reactive/retrospective traditional focus on enforcement, detection and punishment
- overt and demonstrative aspects of public policing
