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Responses to crime > Adaptation and punitive control > Flashcards

Adaptation and punitive control Flashcards

1
Q

Key criticisms of Garland

A
  1. Exaggeration of similarities between US and UK
  2. The end of rehabilitation?
  3. The normalisation of high crime rates
  4. Determinism and ‘apocalyptic’ theories
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2
Q

How does garland exaggerate similarities between US and UK?

A
  • lethal violence: guns in US
  • mass imprisonment and capital punishment: US has highest population in the world, UK has no death penalty
  • plural cultures of control
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3
Q

What are criticisms of the end of rehabilitation?

A
  • what works agenda in the early 2000s: rehabilitation works
  • restorative justice
  • ‘rose-tinted’ view of penal-welfarism: doesn’t acknowledge that penal welfarism wasn’t completely positive
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4
Q

What are criticisms for the normalisation of high crime rates?

A
  • falls in crime since mid-1990s
  • state still promises crime control
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5
Q

What are criticisms for the determinism and apocalyptic theories?

A
  • self-fulfilling prophecies
  • lack of policy agenda: simply describes what’s happening and fails to suggest any fixes
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6
Q

What are the complex and contradictory tendencies in crime control?

A
  1. Welfarism
  2. Justice
  3. Managerialism
  4. Populism
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7
Q

What is welfarism? DIRT

A
  • diversion
  • intervention
  • rehabilitation
  • treatment
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8
Q

What is justice? JIP

A
  • just deserts
  • individual rights and responsibilities
  • proportionality
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9
Q

What is managerialism? PEEV

A
  • performance
  • efficiency
  • effectiveness
  • value for money
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10
Q

What is populism? PCT

A
  • public opinion
  • common-sense
  • toughness
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11
Q

What is the aim of managerialism?

A

‘realign power relations within core agencies…… to transform the structures and reorganise in a cost-effective manner the processes of both funding, delivering and imagining the criminal justice’
(McLaughlin 2013)

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12
Q

‘Managerialism’ is used as a broad term covering a range of similar ideas including……?

A
  • the ‘new penology’ (Feeley and Simon 1992)
  • new public management (Hood 1991)
  • new criminologies of everyday life (Garland 2001)
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13
Q

What makes up the old and new penology?

A
  1. Discourses
  2. Objectives
  3. Techniques
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14
Q

What are the discourses of the old penology

A
  • just deserts, guilt, blame, rights, responsibilities
  • pathology, diagnosis, rehabilitation/treatment
  • moral or quasi-medical language
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15
Q

What are the discourses of the new penology?

A
  • actuarial language: statistics, probability, risk
  • managerial language: business, costs, efficiency, output
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16
Q

What are the objectives of the old penology?

A
  • delivering justice
  • crime control
  • reforming offenders via rehabilitation
17
Q

What are the objectives of the new penology?

A
  • assessing and managing risk
  • reducing harm
  • improving efficiency
  • providing value for money
  • achieving performance targets
18
Q

What are the techniques of the old penology?

A
  • just deserts
  • probation, supervision
  • diversion schemes
  • employment skills training
  • CBT
19
Q

What are the techniques of the new penology?

A
  • statistical techniques
  • actuarial modelling
  • risk assessment instruments
  • new technologies
  • new public management
  • privatisation
20
Q

What is new public management? (Hood 1991)

A

the importation of private sector mentalities/methods into public services e.g. specialist managers, citizens as consumers

21
Q

What are the new forms of criminological reasoning about crime and punishment? (Garland 2001)

A
  • criminologies of ‘everyday life’
  • assumptions of the ‘rational offender’
  • focuses on reducing opportunities and ‘rewards’, increases risk for offenders
22
Q

What is penal populism?

A

where major political parties compete with each other to be “tough on crime”
- bottoms 1995

23
Q

Why is the public viewpoint generally punitive?

A
  • low levels of public knowledge about crime
  • think crime is rapidly rising
  • low levels of confidence in cjs and institutions
  • misrepresentation in media
23
Q

What are the key elements of the punitive turn?

A
  • Growth in severity of sentencing
  • focus on rebalancing the criminal justice system
  • public attitudes to punishment
  • re-emergence of ‘emotive and ostentatious’ punishments
  • political rhetoric, media influence and ‘soundbite politics’
24
Q

What are example of political rhetoric and emotive ‘soundbites’?

A
  • ‘prison works’
  • ‘three strikes and you’re out’
  • ‘honesty in sentencing’
  • ‘tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime’
  • ‘megan’s law’/ ‘Sarah’s law’
  • ‘zero tolerance’

Responses to crime (14 decks)

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