Adaptation and punitive policing

Question 1

What are adaptive strategies of crime control: varieties of managerialism in policing?

Answer 1

1. new management styles and working practices
   - systems reform and rationalisation of policing
   - key performance indicators and targets
2. the commercialisation of justice
   - privatisation
   - business management methods applied to CJS
3. ‘responsibilisation’: the growing infrastructure of community safety/crime prevention
   - preventive partnerships between governmental bodies, commercial agencies and community sector

Question 2

What are 4 policing adaptations in new management styles and working practices?

Answer 2

1. crime management: new organisational forms and rationing police resources
2. professionalisation and workforce reforms: increase efficiency and effectiveness
3. performance management (mid 1990s-2010): objectives and KPIs, league tables, private sector management methods
4. austerity policing (2010- ): collaboration between forces and other CJ agencies

Question 2

What is commercialisation of justice?

Answer 2

• privatisation
• business management methods applied to CJS

Question 3

What is responsibilisation? who is it between?

Answer 3

preventative partnerships between:
- governmental bodies
- commercial agencies
- community sector

Question 4

What is rationalisation of justice/redefining success?

Answer 4

• systems reform and rationalisation of policing
• key performance indicator targets

Question 5

What is focusing upon tackling consequences of crime?

Answer 5

• fear of crime
• customer satisfaction e.g prioritising victims

Question 6

What is the commercialisation of justice strategy?

Answer 6

1. expansion go the commercial security sector
2. contracting out of policing functions
3. commercialisation of public policing

Question 7

What are 3 examples of commercialisation of public policing?

Answer 7

• internal reforms of policing services e.g. league tables
• charging for police services e.g. policing of major events
• sponsorship from commercial bodies

Question 8

What are 2 varieties of punitive control?

Answer 8

1. expressive responses
2. punitive segregation

Question 9

What are expressive responses?

Answer 9

1. denial of police limitations in crime control
   - continued projection of police as ‘crime fighters’
2. politicisation
   - growing ideological conflict on policing from 1970s
3. political rhetoric and soundbites
   - ‘zero tolerance’ rhetoric periodically deployed by politicians
   - calls for rebalancing of the CJS
4. populism and privileging ‘public opinion’
   - introduction of elected police and crime commissioners in 2012

Question 10

What is punitive segregation in policing?

Answer 10

• changing balance of powers in crime investigation e.g. abolition of the right to silence
• reduction in internal ‘bureaucratic’ controls over stop and search
• extension of policing powers in relation to public protest and to counter-terrorism