Policies/systems in place and awareness of available guidelines Flashcards
What is the definition of health
A state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is the definition of policy
A principle or course of action adopted or proposed by an organisation or an individual
What is the definition of health policy (2)
- Health policy refers to decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society
- Health policy influences health systems
What is the definition of health system
All the activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore and/or maintain health
What is the definition of health system strengthening
the process of identifying and implementing the changes in policy and practice in a country’s health system, so that the country can respond better to its health and health system challenges
Who sets health policies (6)
The Government:
- Department of Health & Social Care e.g.
- Cancer research and treatment
- Children’s Health
- Patient safety
Organisations:
- Public e.g. Hospital Trusts
- Private e.g. Community pharmacies
What are guidelines
Written, Evidence-based recommendations on a range of topics
Why do we need guidelines
Reduce variation in practice
Who develops guidelines (4)
- England and Wales – National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)
- Scotland - Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)
- Professional organisations and Royal Colleges
- International (e.g. World Health Organisation)
Who are guidelines written for (2)
- Health and social care professionals
- commissioners
What does NICE do
Produce useful and useable guidance for the NHS and wider health and care system - England
What does SIGN - scotland provide recommendations on (4)
- preconception care in women with known pre-existing diabetes
- Antenatal care foe all women with diabetes in pregnancy
- Risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of GDM
- Detecting glucose intolerance after pregnancy
What are examples of professional bodies and Royal Colleges (2)
- Royal Pharmaceutical Society
- British Society of Gastroenterology
What is the NICE background (4)
- Reduce variation in availability and quality of NHS treatments and care
- Clinically and cost-effective medicines, technologies and interventions
- Non-Departmental Public Body
- Provides national guidance to improve health and social care
Who is NICE used by (5)
- NHS
- Local authorities
- Employers
- Voluntary groups
- Anyone else delivering care or promoting wellbeing
What are the types of NICE guidelines (5)
- Clinical guidelines
- Public health guidelines
- Social care guidelines
- Safe staffing guidelines
- Medicines practice guidelines
How are NICE guidelines developed (7)
- Topic referred to NICE -
- Scoping the guideline
- Guideline development (National Collaborating Centres)
- Consultation on draft guidance
- Guideline revised
- Sign off at NICE and published
- Updating - regularly updated
How is a topic referred to NICE for guideline development (3)
In relation to:
- Healthcare
- Public Health
- Social care
How is the guideline scoped by NICE (4)
Consider:
- Why the guideline is produced
- Why there is a need for a guideline
- The areas the guideline will cover
- What it intends to achieve
How are guidelines developed (National Collaborating Centres) by NICE (4)
Consider:
- Literature search (e.g. Cochrane database)
- The committee review the evidence
- Impact on cost
- Equality
How are consultations on draft guidance carried out by NICE
Carried out by stakeholders
How are guidelines revised by NICE (2)
- Comments from stakeholders considered
- Changes agreed
How are guidelines signed off at NICE and published (4)
- Communicate
- Disseminate
- Promote
- Implement
How are NICE guidelines implemented (6)
- Putting NICE into practice – NICE resources
- Organisation
- Individual practitioner – Behaviour change, educational approaches
Is it mandatory:
- Inform clinical decisions
- Clinical discretion
- Judgement and experience
What are the limitations of NICE guidelines (6)
- Individual patients
- Restrictive
- Controversial – Opinion
- Ambiguous
- Legal implications
- Drugs not approved by NICE
What are the benefits of NICE guidelines to patients (4)
- Evidence-based, quality treatments and care
- Improve health outcomes
- Equitable
- Empowered
What are the benefits of NICE guidelines to healthcare professionals (6)
- Cost-effective, critically-appraised evidence for interventions
- Provide recommendations when uncertain
- Improve quality of clinical decisions
- Provide reassurance, education
- Challenge outdate practice
- Identify gaps in evidence
What are the benefits of NICE guidelines to healthcare systems (2)
- Improved efficiency
- Value for money
