Plenary lecture Flashcards
How would you counsel a parent to prepare Gaviscon infant sachets (2)
- For breastfed infants: Mix each sachet with 5 mL of cooled boiled water to make a smooth paste, then add another 10 mL of cooled boiled water and mix.
- Use a spoon or feeding bottle to give the dose of Gaviscon Infant part way through the feed or meal.
- For formula-fed infants: Mix each sachet into 115 mL of feed in the bottle, shake well, and feed as normal.
- For all other infants: Give the dose of Gaviscon Infant at the end of each meal using a spoon or feeding bottle.
What are 3 benefits to breastfeeding (3)
- Mother-baby bond
- Reduce cost & risk of diabetes and asthma
- Antibodies - immunoglobulin IgA from mother’s breastmilk
What differential diagnosis might there be if gaviscon infant sachets do not work (3)
- Overfeeding
- Cow’s milk protein allergy
- Malrotation
What is the most likely underlying pathology that may start a perforated stomach/peritonitis
Heliobacter Pylori (H. pylori)
What is the initial treatment for a simplier case of a perforated stomach/peritonitis (5)
- Cephalosporin + Metronidazole
- Gentamicin + Metronidazole
- Gentamicin + Clindamycin
- Piperacin with Tazobactam alone
- Treatment for 10-14 days
What does a perforated stomach/peritonitis put a patient at a greater risk of
C. difficile infection
What GI dosage form is a convenient form to release a steroid in the lower bowel to be taken multiple times a day:
1. Buccal tablet
2. Delayed release tablet
3. IV
4. Immediate release tablet
5. Oral liquid
6. Rectal foam
7. Suppository
- Delayed release tablet
What GI dosage form is a form to maximise systemic exposure in an acute emergency:
1. Buccal tablet
2. Delayed release tablet
3. IV
4. Immediate release tablet
5. Oral liquid
6. Rectal foam
7. Suppository
- IV
What GI dosage form is a form to target the sigmoid colon for an acute flare up of ulcerative colitis:
1. Buccal tablet
2. Delayed release tablet
3. IV
4. Immediate release tablet
5. Oral liquid
6. Rectal foam
7. Suppository
- Rectal foam
foam goes further up the GI tract than say a suppository
What GI dosage form is a fast acting and convenient dosage form when travelling:
1. Buccal tablet
2. Delayed release tablet
3. IV
4. Immediate release tablet
5. Oral liquid
6. Rectal foam
7. Suppository
- Buccal tablet
What GI dosage form is a form to maximise systemic exposure in a very young child to be used in community:
1. Buccal tablet
2. Delayed release tablet
3. IV
4. Immediate release tablet
5. Oral liquid
6. Rectal foam
7. Suppository
- Suppository
Which region of the gut is prone to varices, a diagnostic sign of liver disease and a consequence of portal hypertension?
Oesophageal
For an antacid made with magnesium salts as its main constituent, what is the most common side effect?
Diarrhoea
Which gut region is the site of biliary and pancreatic secretions and where acid chime is first neutralised?
Duodenal
A patient who has a history of irritable bowel syndrome presents to the GP suffering from increasing symptoms. The GP advises the patient to purchase mebeverine over the counter to help relieve the symptoms. Which symptom most closely matches the description given above?
Muscle spasms - Abdominal pain
IBD symptoms (5)
- increased stool frequency
- pyrexia
- tachycardia
- tiredness
- haematochezia
What excipient in a simeticone infant formulation could cause delayed hypersensitivity reactions?
The preservatives (parahydrobenzoates) - methylhydroxybenzoate
OTC dyspepsia treatments (4)
- Calcium carbonate salts
- Magnesium hydroxide salts
- Sodium bicarbonate salts
- Aluminium hydroxide salts
What OTC dyspepsia treatment suppresses acid most effectively
Aluminium hydroxide salts
For an antacid made with magnesium salts as its main constituent which of the following is the most common side effect?
Diarrhoea
What is not a common aetiology for peptic ulcer disease
Hiatus hernia
Which tissue layer provides for primary digestive motility
Mesentery (a fold of tissue that attaches organs to the body wall)
Where does the myenteric plexus lie
Between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the gut wall
Cimetidine and a calcium-containing antacid preparation administered in an appropriate dosage regimen for treating peptic ulcer differ in that…
Only the calcium-containing antacid may increase gastric acid secretion
Loperamide is like morphine in that a single therapeutic dose of each produces…
Slowed transit of intestinal contents
Every mucosa consists of… (2)
- A surface epithelium layer with or without glands
- an underlying layer of loose connective tissue
In most regions of the GI tract, smooth muscle fibres of the muscularis are arranged into…
Circular muscle (inner) followed by longitudinal muscle (outer)
Submucosal glands occur in the submucosa of the
________and they also occur in the________
Oesophagus and Duodenum
Folds in the mucosa of the stomach are called_______ which allows the surface area to_______
Rugae, Increase
Simple tubular glands within the mucosa of the small or large intestine are called intestinal…
Crypt
What is the best description of the duodenum (4)
- Mucosa with both crypts and villi
- epithelium with scattered goblet cells
- lamina propria with occasional lymph nodules
- submucosa with mucous glands
The submandibular and sublingual glands are…
Mixed glands producing both serous and mucous secretions.
Mucosa surface cell secretes mucus which provides a physical barrier between________and_________
Lumen and Epithelium
The role of the Chief cell is to…
Secrete pepsin which digests proteins.
