Polarity Flashcards
All bonds share electrons_____
equally or unequally
what does dipole δ mean?
partial charge
What bonds have partial charges?
Covalent, polar covalent
What bonds don’t have partial charges?
ionic
electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons
How to determine the nature of a bond?
Find the electronegativity difference and minus them
Higher EN - Lower EN
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds are
electrons shared evenly
Polar Covalent bonds are
Atom with a higher EN that is partially negative and another atom with lower EN which is partially positive
Ionic Bonds are
the attraction is so strong, the electrons completely transfer
Polarity of Molecules is
a polar molecule is a molecule that has one end of the molecule that is slightly positive and the other slightly negative due to the unequal distribution of electrons
How to determine molecular polarity
the polarity of the bond
shape of the molecule
What is the symmetry of the molecules
can be defined as a balance or regular arrangement of the atoms within the molecule
Polar Molecules requirements/description
-must have polar bonds
Creating a partial positive end and a partial negative end
-Found in asymmetrical molecule/. has asymmetrically distribution of charges
Nonpolar Molecules requirements/description
-have nonpolar bonds or polar bonds that are evenly distributed throughout the entire molecule
-Symmetrial distribution of charges
If a molecule doesn’t contain any polar covalent bonds then it is
nonpolar molecule
If the polar bonds are symmetrical then
it is a nonpolar molecule
if the polar bonds are asymmetrical then
it is a polar molecule
What is solubility?
chemical property referring tot he ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent
what makes up a solution
solute and solvent
What does soluability depend on
the structure/charges of the particles of the compount
What do polar molecules and ionic compounds dissolve in?
polar solvents
What do nonpolar molecules dissolve in
nonpolar solvents
What do compounds with partial or complete charges dissolve in
compounds with partial or complete charges
What do compounds with no charges dissolve in
compounds with no charges
What happens to an ionic compound if it is soluable?
the ions dissociate, they separate, the water pulls the ionic crystal apart
How do Covalent compounds dissolve?
the molecules separate rom each other, the solubility depends on the attractions between the molecules when they have charges
How does sugar dissolve in water?
The positive and negative forces of water attract the sugar molecules and pull individual molecules away from the entire crystal, until all the molecules are separated and surrounded by water
